PENYUSUNAN KERANGKA BERFIKIR METODOLOGI PENELITIAN STRUKTUR PENGKAJIAN ILMIAH PENGAJUAN MASALAH : Latar Belakang Masalah Identifikasi Masalah Pembatasan Masalah Perumusan Masalah Kegunaan Penelitian PENYUSUNAN KERANGKA TEORITIS DAN PENGAJUAN HIPOTESIS : 1. Pengkajian teori yang dipergunakan 2. Pembahasan penelitian yg relevan 3. Penyusunan kerangka berfikir dalam pengajuan hipotesis (dengan menya- takan postulat, asumsi dan prinsip sekiranya ada) 4. Perumusan hipotesis METODOLOGI PENELITIAN : 1. Tujuan Penelitian 2. Tempat & Waktu Penelitian 3. Metode Penelitian 4. Teknik Pengambilan Contoh 5. Teknik Pengumpulan Data 6. Teknik Analisis Data MASALAH PENYUSUNAN KERANGKA BERFIKIR HIPOTESIS METODOLOGI PENELITIAN HASIL PENELITIAN : 1. Deskripsi Variabel Penelitian 2. Pengujian Persyaratan Analisis 3. Pengujian Hipotesis 4. Penafsiran 5. Kesimpulan Pengujian Hipotesis PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS KESIMPULAN KESIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI & SARAN : 1. Kesimpulan yg merupakan sintesis dari berbagai penemuan penelitian 2. Pembahasan kesimpulan penelitian 3. Dari berbagai teori keilmuan dan hasil penelitian yang relevan 4. Pengkajian implikasi penelitian 5. Pengajuan saran METODE ILMIAH PENELITIAN ILMIAH

IKHTISAR PROSES RISET Teori dan Konsep Masalah Disain Riset Instrumen Deduksi Membaca & berfikir Hipotesis Hipotesis Menjabarkan variabel secara operasional Masalah Memilih/ mengembangkan Membuat Disain Riset & Penelahaan Induksi Disain Riset Temuan Terdahulu Instrumen Menerapkan Menerapkan Diskusi/ Tafsiran Sampel HASIL Temuan Pengumpulan dan pengolahan data Tulis laporan

CONSEDERATIONS AND STEPS IN FORMULATION OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM METHODS, TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION RESEARCH DESIGN : THEORY AND FUNCTIONS LITERATURE REVIEW FORMULATION OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM CONSEPTUALISATION OF A RESEARCH DESIGN CONSTRUCTION OF A RESEARCH TOOL SELECTION OF SAMPLE DATA COLLECTION DATA ANALYSIS REPORT WRITING VARIABLES AND HYPOTHESES : DEFINITION AND TYPOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF A RESEARCH INSTRUMENT FIELD TESTING OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT SAMPLING THEORI, CONSIDERATIONS AND DESIGN DEVELOPING A CODEBOOK CODING EDITING OF DATA METHODS OF DATA PROCESSING AND INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC WRITING WHAT AND WHY HOW Operational Steps Needed Theoretical Knowledge Needed Intermediary Steps THE RESEARCH PROCESS

THREE RESEARCH APPROACHES RESEARCH PURPOSE RESEARCH QUESTION HYPOTHESIS Exploratory Research 1. What new product should be developed ? 2. What product appeal will be effective in advertising ? 3. How can our service be improved ?   What alternative ways are there to provide lunches for school children? What benefits do people seek from the product ? What is the nature of any customer dissatisfaction ? Boxed lunches are than other forms. Constructs unknows Suspect that an image of impersonalization is a problem Descriptive Research 4. How should a new product be distributed ? 5. What should be the target segment? 6. How should our product be changed? Where do people now buy similar products ? What kinds of people now buy the products, and who buys our brand ? What is our current image ? Upper-class buyer use specialty stores, and middle-class buyers use department stores. Older people buy our brand, whereas the young married are heavy users of competitors. We are regarded as being conservatives and behind the times. Causal Research 7. Will an increase in the service staff be profitable ? 8. Which advertising program for public transit should be run ? 9. Should a new budget or ”no frills” class of airfare be introduced ? What is the relationship between size of service staff and revenue ? What would get people out of cars and into public transit ? Will the ”no frills” airfare generate sufficient new passengers to offset the loss of revenue from exiting passengers who switch from economy class ? For small organizations, an increase of 50% or less will generate marginal revenue in excess of marginal costs. Advertising program A generates more new riders than program B. The new airfare will attract sufficient revenue from new passengers.