Betty Purwandari, PhD Riri Satria, MM Prof Zainal Hasibuan Literature Review Betty Purwandari, PhD Riri Satria, MM Prof Zainal Hasibuan

What is A Literature Review What is A Literature Review? (source University Library, University of California) It is a surveys of scholarly articles, books and other sources (e.g. dissertations, journal, conference proceedings) relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory. It is providing a description, summary, and critical evaluation of each work (each research article). The purpose is to offer an overview of significant literatures published on a topic (overview the state-of-the-art). Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science

Research Logical Framework Methodology Paper Characteristics A B C …... Your Opinion Problem Proposed Problem Theory Proposed Theory Technology Proposed Technology Methodology Proposed Methodology Interpretation Proposed Interpretation Finding Expected Finding Limitation Proposed Limitation Literature Review Process Technique …. Result Technique 2 Technique 1 Related Study … Related Study 2 Your Research Area Ringkasan Literature review Related Study 1 Analysis dan Interpretation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Conclusion Go back to your research problems Make sure your research objective is achieve Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science

A good literature review … A good literature review is characterised by: a logical flow of ideas; current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style; proper use of terminology; an unbiased and comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic. Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science The Objectives of Reviewing Literatures (source University Library, University of California) Place each work (research article) in the context of its contribution to the understanding of the subject under review Describe the relationship of each work to the others under consideration Identify new ways to interpret, and shed light on any gaps in, previous research Resolve conflicts amongst seemingly contradictory previous studies Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort Point the way forward for further research Place one's original work (in the case of theses or dissertations) in the context of existing literature Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

Why doing a literature review? To identify gaps in the literature To avoid reinventing the wheel (at the very least this will save time and it can stop you from making the same mistakes as others) To identify methods that could be relevant to your project To carry on from where others have already reached (reviewing the field allows you to build on the platform of existing knowledge and ideas) To identify other people working in the same fields (a researcher network is a valuable resource) To increase your breadth of knowledge of your subject area Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

Why doing a literature review? (cont’d) To identify similar works in your area. To provide the intellectual context for your own work, enabling you to position your project relative to other work To identify opposing views To put your work into perspective To demonstrate that you can access previous work in an area To identify information and ideas that may be relevant to your project Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

Eligible Sources for Academic High : Scientific articles submitted to academic journals. Medium : Research-based professional books. Scientific papers submitted to refereed conference. Unpublished scientific papers or research report. University textbooks. UI students’ access: remote-lib.ui.ac.id Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

NOT Eligible for Academic Non-academic publications : newspapers, magazines. Popular books or not-research-based books. Popular websites : Wikipedia, Balanced Scorecard, etc. Personal blogs / websites. Business white papers. Consulting reports. Course assignment papers.  Footnotes Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

How to Review Literatures? Compare: try to find the similarities among literatures Contrast: try to find the differences among literatures Criticise: put your own opinion on what is written in the literatures Synthesise: combine several literatures into an idea Summarise: restate the article with your own words in a concise way 3C + 2S Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science Examples of 3C + 2S Comparing: “Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Andri (1999), kinerja IRS dengan menggunakan teknik extended Boolean lebih baik dibanding menggunakan teknik Boolean saja. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Savoy (1995) dan Salton (1990)” Contrasting: “Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Santoso (2006) menunjukkan bahwa gaya belajar konstruktif lebih adaptif terhadap penggunaan ICT. Hal ini bertentangan dengan hasil penelitian lainnya yang mengatakan bahwa gaya positivist yang lebih adaptif terhadap penggunaan ICT (Jones, 1998) dan (Garry, 2010)”. Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science Examples of 3C + 2S Criticize: Sistem Informasi Untuk Eksekutif (EIS) dapat membantu pimpinan mengambil keputusan lebih akurat sekitar 90% dibanding tidak menggunakan EIS (Hadi, 2005). Tetapi tidak dijelaskan berapa banyak sample EIS yang disurvei dan kategori keputusan yang bagaimana yang dijadikan sebagai acuan. Synthesize: Menurut Hadi (2005) keberhasilan suatu Sistem Informasi Untuk Eksekutif (EIS) sangat ditentukan oleh tingkat keakuratan menangkap kebutuhan para eksekutif. Sedangkan menurut Amir (2006), EIS sangat ditentukan oleh kejelasan core bisnis dari perusahaannya. Dari kedua pendapat tersebut, dapat dikatakan bahwa faktor-faktor penentu keberhasilan EIS antara lain: keakuratan menangkap kebutuhan pimpinan, dan kejelasan core bisnis perusahaan. Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

Summary of Literature Review Paper Characteristics A B C Z Your opinion, your respond, your comment Problem Proposed Problem Theory Proposed Theory Technology Proposed Technology Methodology (method, technique, processes, etc.) Proposed Methodology Interpretation Proposed Interpretation Finding Expected Finding Limitation Proposed Limitation Kolom A, B, C, dstnya, merupakan paper-2 sebelumnya yang membahas topik yang terkait dengan penelitian anda. Setiap paper, sekurang-kurangnya terdiri dari problem statement, teknologi yang dipakai, metode, dstnya. Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science

Contoh Review Teori Tata Kelola TI Fokus / Komponen Van Grembergen Weill & Ross ITGI AS8015 COBIT 4.1 COBIT 5 ITIL PUTKTIKN Val IT [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Structure / Decission Making Structure √ √    Process/ Alignment Proces, IT Strategic Aligment Relational Mechanism / Communication Approach Stakeholder Value Drivers / Bussiness Pressures / Bussiness Needs IT Value Delivery Risk Management Performance Measurement IT Resource Management Monitor Evaluate Direct Plan & Organise Acquire & Implement Delivery & Suppor Monitor & Evaluate  √ Evaluate, Direct and Monitor Alignment, Plan & Organise Build, Acquire & Implement Deliver, Service & Support Monitor, Evaluate & Assess Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science

Daftar Pustaka (Bibliography) Tulis daftar pustaka sesuai dengan salah satu standard (ALA, APA, Chicago Style, dll) Apa yang anda sitir, harus anda cantumkan dalam daftar pustaka Apa yang anda cantumkan pada daftar pustaka, harus anda sitir dalam tulisan Kalau anda menyitir sumber kedua, maka sumber kedua tersebut yang dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka Jangan sekali-kali menulis tulisan orang lain, tanpa memberikan sitiran ke sumbernya. Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science

Contoh Menyitir: American Psychological Association (APA) Style Dengan e-government, akses masyarakat terhadap informasi dan layanan pemerintah dapat ditingkatkan (seperti layanan 24 jam sehari dan 7 hari seminggu) (Teicher, Hughes, & Dow, 2002). Selain itu dapat tercapai, peningkatan interaksi antara pemerintah dan dunia bisnis, serta dapat menghasilkan pemerintahan yang lebih efisien (Sharma S. & Gupta, 2003; Bhatnagar, 2009; Sharma G., Shakya, & Kharel, 2014). Dengan layanan e-Government ini, pemerintah dapat menekan tingkat korupsi, meningkatkan transparansi dan pendapatan, serta mengurangi biaya (dalam bentuk kertas, tempat penyimpanan dan durasi proses) (Bhatnagar, 2009). Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science

Daftar Pustaka: American Psychological Association (APA) Style Bhatnagar, S. (2009). Unlocking E-government Potential: Concepts, Cases and Practical Insights. India: SAGE Publications. Sharma, G., Shakya, S., & Kharel, P. (2014). Technology acceptance perspectives on user satisfaction and trust of E-government adoption. Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(9), 860 - 872. Sharma, S., & Gupta, J. (2003). Building Blocks of an E-Government: A Framework. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO), 34 - 48. Teicher, J., Hughes, O., & Dow, N. (2002). E-government: A new route to public sector quality. Managing Service Quality, 12(6), 384 - 393. Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science

Contoh Menyitir: IEEE Style a. Pengacuan Dalam Teks Contoh: …… Metode yang pernah dikembangkan adalah metode untuk mereduksi dimensi dalam ruang eigen [3]. b. Daftar Pustaka [1] W.K. Chen. Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123-35. [2] G. Pevere. “Infrared Nation.” The International Journal of Infrared Design, vol. 33, pp. 56-99, Jan. 1979. [3] M. Duncan. “Engineering Concepts on Ice. Internet: ww.iceengg.edu/staff.html, Oct. 25, 2000 [Nov. 29, 2003]. Referensi [1] adalah sebuah buku, referensi [2] adalah sebuah artikel pada sebuah jurnal dan referensi [3] berasal dari internet. Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science

Contoh Menyitir: Chicago Citation Style Pengacuan Dalam Teks Daftar Pustaka (Kourik 1998) Kourik, Robert. 1998. The lavender garden: beautiful varieties to grow and gather.San Francisco: Chronicle Books. (Terborgh 1974, 720) atau (Terborgh 1974) Terborgh, J. 1974. Perservation of natural diversity: The problem of extinction-prone species. BioScience 24:715-22. Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science

Reference Management Software Zotero Mendeley EndNote Microsoft Word – References - Citations & Bibliography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_reference_managemen t_software Master of Information Technology Programme Faculty of Computer Science

Master of Information Technology Programme - Faculty of Computer Science