ONTOLOGI, EPISTEMOLOGI. METODELOGI Azas-azas FAlsafah Yang Menjadi Sandaran Kajian Media dan society Erman Anom, Ph.D Email:erman.anom@esaunggul.ac.id

ISU-ISU YG DITANYAI ONTOLOGI – APAKAH SIFAT FENOMENA YANG MENJADI FOKUS PENELITIAN? EPISTEMOLOGI – BAGAIMANAKAH DAPAT KITA KETAHUI APA YANG KITA TELITI? METODOLOGI – MENDAPATKAN DATA?

SIFAT MANUSIA BERTINGKAH LAKU DALAM DUNIA SOSIAL PERSOALAN ONTOLOGI APAKAH SIFAT MANUSIA? APAKAH SIFAT MASYARAKAT? APAKAH SIFAT REALITI? APAKAH SIFAT TINGKAH LAKU? SIFAT MANUSIA BERTINGKAH LAKU DALAM DUNIA SOSIAL

KONSTRUKSIONIS SOSIAL ONTOLOGI – 3 PENDIRIAN REALIS KONSTRUKSIONIS SOSIAL NOMINALIS

ONTOLOGY REALIST STANCE A social realist sees both the physical and the social world as consisting of structures that exist “out there” and that are independent of an individual’s perception (Miller, 2002).

ONTOLOGY NOMINALIST STANCE There is no world “out there” – only the names and labels of entities that are created by individuals (“in here”) (Miller, 2002).

ONTOLOGY SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST STANCE Social reality cannot be construed as either totally objective or totally subjective. Rather, it is an intersubjective construction that is created through communicative interaction (Miller, 2002).

EPISTEMOLOGI – 2 KEDUDUKAN OBJEKTIVISME SUBJEKTIVISME

EPISTEMOLOGY - OBJECTIVISM It is possible to understand and explain the social world and that explanations about the social world accumulate through the work of a community of scholars Knowledge about the social world can best be gained through a search for regularities and causal relationships among components of the social world

OBJECTIVISM contd. Regularities and causal relationships can best be discovered if a separation exists between the investigator and the subject of the investigation This separation can be guaranteed or enhanced through the use of scientific method observable evidence, clear definitions, observer-observed separation, control over phenomenon studied DEDUCTIVE PROCESS

EPISTEMOLOGY - SUBJECTIVISM SITUATED KNOWLEDGE “INQUIRY FROM THE INSIDE” (ETHNOGRAPHIC METHODS) LOCAL UNDERSTANDINGS INDUCTIVE PROCESS

AKSIOLOGI – 3 ALIRAN PEMIKIRAN BEBAS NILAI (VALUE-FREE) MUSTAHIL MEMISAHKAN NILAI DARIPADA PENILAI/PEMERHATI KERANA SUDAH TERTANAM DI DALAM DIRI SEMUA INSAN SARAT NILAI – NILAI TIDAK HARUS DIPISAHKAN DARIPADA PENILAI/PEMERHATI – PERLU DIAKTIFKAN DALAM PEMERHATIAN

HUBUNGAN ONTO, EPIST & AKSIO REALIS KON.SOS NOMINALIS EPIST OBJEKTIVIS RELATIVIS SUBJEKTIVIS AKSIO BEBAS NILAI BERORIEN- TASI NILAI SARAT

PARADIGMA ONTO REALIS KON. SOS NOMIN. EPIST OBJ REL SUBJ AKSIO BEBAS NILAI B’ORIENT SARAT PARADIGMA POSITIVISME PASCA POS. KRITIS INTERPRETIF