CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) Groupware CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work)

Apa itu Groupware? Software yang khusus dirancang untuk mendukung pekerjaan kelompok yang membutuhkan kerjasama. Fungsinya tidak hanya alat untuk komunikasi. Groupware dapat diklasifikasikan dengan kapan dan dimana para partisipan bekerja fungsi itu melakukan kerja kooperatif Terdapat berbagai masalah yang spesifik dan sulit dengan adanya implementasi groupware.

The Time/Space Matrix Mengklasifikasikan groupware dengan: Ketika (when) partisipan bekerja , pada waktu yang sama atau tidak Dimana (where) para partisipan bekerja , di tempat yang sama atau tidak Nama untuk sumbu matrix: time (waktu): synchronous/asynchronous place (tempat): co-located/remote different place same place same time different time

face-to-face conversation Time/Space Matrix Co-Located Remote same place different place same time face-to-face conversation Synchronous telephone Asynchronous different time post-it note letter

Classification by Function Cooperative work involves: Participants who are working Artefacts upon which they work participants artefacts of work control and feedback P A communication understanding direct Artefact : tempat bekerja

What interactions does a tool support? computer-mediated communication direct communication between participants meeting and decision support systems common understanding shared applications and artefacts control and feedback with shared work objects meeting and decision support systems common understanding participants artefacts of work control and feedback P A communication understanding direct computer-mediated communication direct communication between participants shared applications and artefacts control and feedback with shared work objects

Time/space matrix revisited co-located remote meeting rooms video conferences, video-wall, etc. synchronous shared work surfaces and editors shared PCs and windows email and electronic conferences argumentation tools asynchronous co-authoring systems, shared calendars

Computer-Mediated Communication email and bulletin boards structured message systems text messaging -sms video, virtual environments

Email and bulletin boards asynchronous/remote Paling familiar dan groupware yang tersukses Recipients of email: direct in To: field copies in Cc: field Pengiriman identik-berbeda dalam hal tujuan sosialnya

Email vs. bulletin boards fan out one-to-one – email, direct communication one-to-many – email, distribution lists BBs, broadcast distribution control sender – email, private distribution list administrator – email, shared distribution list recipient – BBs, subscription to topics

Structured message systems Type: Seminar announcement To: all From: Alan Dix Subject: departmental seminar Time: 2:15 Wednesday Place: D014 Speaker: W.T. Pooh Title: The Honey Pot Text: Recent research on socially constructed meaning has focused on the image of the Honey Pot and its dialectic interpretation within an encultured hermeneutic. This talk …

Meeting And Decision Support Systems argumentation tools (alat bantu argumentasi) meeting rooms (ruang pertemuan) shared drawing surfaces (berbagi bidang gambar)

Meeting and Decision Support System Dalam desain, manajemen dan penelitian, kita ingin: menghasilkan ide-ide mengembangkan ide-ide merekam ide-ide “ penekanan utama” pemahaman umum

Three types of system argumentation tools meeting rooms asynchronous co-located Mencatat argumen-argumen untuk keputusan desain meeting rooms synchronous co-located Dukungan elektronik untuk pertemuan tatap muka shared drawing surfaces synchronous remote Saling berbagi papan gambar yang dalam jangkauan

argumentation tools asynchronous co-located Seperti hipertext untuk menyimpan design rationale (dasar pemikiran desain) Tujuan : Mengingatkan desainer mengenai alasan-alasan atas pengambilan keputusan Dasar pemikiran komunikasi di antara team desain.

Meeting rooms synchronous co-located Ruang pertemuan yang dirancang menggunakan peralatan elektronik untuk pertemuan tatap muka Terminal individu Layar lebar yang bisa berbagi Software khusus Kursi-kursi yang ditata berbentuk huruf U atau C di sekitar layar Mode-mode yang bervariasi: brainstorming, penggunaan pribadi, WYSIWIS WYSIWIS – ‘what you see is what I see’ Semua layar menunjukkan citra yang sama Semua partisipan dapat menulis dan menggambar ke layar.

Typical meeting room shared screen

Shared Applications And Artefacts shared PCs and windows shared editors, co-authoring tools shared diaries communication through the artefact