OSI Model Physical Layer & Packet Tracer 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Pendahuluan Lapisan fisik (Physical Layer) Lapisan ini merupakan lapisan paling bawah (dasar) yang bertugas mengendalikan dan mengatur semua hal yang berhubungan dengan masalah transport data, seperti: Menentukan karakteristik kabel yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan komputer dengan jaringan; Mentransfer dan menentukan bagaimana bit-bit data dikodekan; Menangani interkoneksi fisik (kabel), mekanikal, elektrikal, dan prosedural. 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Physical layer Untuk meyatakan tiap frame menjadi bit data 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Terminology Data transmission across Transmitter Receiver Medium Guided medium e.g. twisted pair, optical fibre, coaxial cable Unguided medium e.g. air, 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 4

Data Transmission Factors Bandwidth Berhubungan dengan kecepatan transmisi data Transmission Attenuation, Noise, Delay Interference 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 5 5

Operation Sebagai media tidak hanya membawa frame satu entitas, media transmisi membawa sinyal pembawa (carrie), satu waktu untuk menyatakan dalam bit untuk membentuk frame. Ada tiga dasar membetuk media jaringan pada data yaitu : Copper cable Fiber Wireless 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Operation 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Standards The Physical layer technologies are defined by organizations such as: The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) The Electronics Industry Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA) National telecommunications authorities such as the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) in the USA. 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Fundamental principles Ada 3 fungsi dasar pada Physical layer yaitu : The physical components Data encoding Signaling 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Fundamental principles Elemen Pisik (physical) adalah perangkat elektronik, media dan penghubung pada transmisi dan membawa sinyal yang menyatakan bit. Encoding adalah metode yang mengkonversikan aliran data bit menjadi kode. Metode yang menyatakan bit di sebut metode pensinyalan. 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Encoding group bits Pola sinyal dapat di indikasikan : start of frame, end of frame, and frame contents. 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Typical of physics media 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Cooper media 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Twisted Pair-Transmission Characteristics Analog Data Amplifiers every 5km to 6km Digital Data Use either analog or digital signals Repeater every 2km or 3km Limited bandwidth (1MHz)‏ Limited data rate (100MHz) using different modulation & signalling techniques 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 14 14

Twisted Pair-Types Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)‏ Ordinary telephone wire Easiest to install Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)‏ The pair is wrapped with metallic foil or braid to insulate the pair from electromagnetic interference More expensive 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 15 15

Twisted Pair-UTP Categories Super-fast Broadband Applications. 200-250 MHz CAT 6   155 Mbps ATM 100 Mbps TPDDI (100BASE-T or Fast Ethernet)‏ 100 Mbps CAT 5E Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Mbps (4 pair)‏ CAT 5 Otherwise not used much Used in 16 Mbps Token Ring 20 Mbps CAT 4 Voice and data on 10BASE-T Ethernet 16 Mbps CAT 3 Mainly used in the IBM Cabling System for token ring networks 4 Mbps CAT 2 Doorbell wiring Integrated Services Digital Network Basic Rate Interface in ISDN Analog voice (POTS), Less than 1 Mbps CAT 1 Usual Application Maximum Data Rate Category 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

UTP Cable Types Ethernet Straight-through Ethernet Crossover Rollover 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

UTP Cabling Rules Straight Cross 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 19 19

Straight Cabling Rules This rule can be used to make a connection to the different device PC - Hub, PC - Switch, PC - Router Switch - Router, Hub - Router 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 20 20

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Cross Cabling Rules This rule can be used to make a connection to the same device PC - PC, Hub – Hub, Hub – Switch Switch – Switch 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 22

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Coaxial Cable 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Coaxial Cable-Applications Most versatile/flexible medium Television distribution Antena - TV Cable TV Long distance telephone transmission Can carry 10,000 voice calls simultaneously Being replaced by fiber optic Short distance computer systems links Local area networks 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 25

Coaxial Cable-Transmission Characteristics Analog Amplifiers every few km Closer if higher frequency Up to 500MHz Digital Repeater every 1km Closer for higher data rates 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 26

Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Cable STP uses two pairs of wires that are wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil. Tegangan STP lebih besar dari UTP. Lebih aman STP 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Fiber media Fiber-optic cabling uses either glass or plastic fibers to guide light impulses from source to destination. The bits are encoded on the fiber as light impulses. 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Optical Fibre-Benefits Greater capacity Data rates of hundreds of Gbps Smaller size & weight Lower attenuation Electromagnetic isolation Greater repeater spacing 10s of km at least 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 29

Optical Fibre-Advantages/Disadvantage Greater capacity (bandwidth of up to 2 Gbps)‏ smaller size and lighter weight lower attenuation immunity to environmental interference highly secure Disadvantage expensive over short distance requires highly skilled installers adding additional nodes is difficult 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 30 30

Wireless media Wireless media carry electromagnetic signals at radio and microwave frequencies that represent the binary digits of data communications. 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Types of Wireless Networks Standard IEEE 802.11 - Commonly referred to as Wi-Fi, is a Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology that uses a contention or non-deterministic system with a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) media access process. Standard IEEE 802.15 - Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard, commonly known as "Bluetooth", uses a device pairing process to communicate over distances from 1 to 100 meters. Standard IEEE 802.16 - Commonly known as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), uses a point-to-multipoint topology to provide wireless broadband access. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) - Includes Physical layer specifications that enable the implementation of the Layer 2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) protocol to provide data transfer over mobile cellular telephony networks. 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Correct Connector Termination 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)‏ White/blue Blue Pair 2 White/Orange Orange Pair 3 White/Green Green Pair 4 White/Brown Brown RJ45 Connector Rj-45 connector 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 34

EIA/TIA-568 A configuration 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer 35

Fiber Media Connector 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Simulasi Jaringan Sederhana Persiapan instalasi jaringan sederhana dalam contoh ini adalah dengan menggunakan 2 buah workstation dan 1 switch. Tiap node dihubungkan dengan kabel sehingga terlihat sesuai dengan gambar diatas. 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

IP Configuration 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Konfigurasi IP 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Melakukan Ping 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Hasil Ping 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Kesimpulan 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Simulasi 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Simulasi Nirkabel Sederhana Persiapan Instalasi jaringan nirkabel (wireless) sederhana dalam contoh ini adalah dengan menggunakan 2 buah workstation dan 1 acces point sehingga terlihat seperti gambar di bawah ini: 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Configurasi 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Melakukan Ping 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Hasil Ping 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Kesimpulan 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr Wb Sekian Wassalamu’alaikum Wr Wb 16/01/2019 Jaringan Komputer