Inc. Ir. Budi Hartono, MSc. E-Learning Desain Materi Ajar

Pengantar Ketersediaan materi ajar berbasis teknologi informasi adalah esensial dalam penerapan e- learning. Materi ajar dapat diambil dari yang sudah ada atau dikembangkan sendiri sesuai kebutuhan. Pengembangan materi ajar melibatkan : subject master (subject expert, education expert) dan developer (graphic designer, programmer).

Belajar ‘Belajar’ terjadi karena komposisi berbagai elemen : siswa, guru, metoda, media, tempat, materi ajar, waktu dan urutan. Kombinasi berbagai elemen melahirkan berbagai bentuk pola belajar.

Kompetensi Developer Memahami karakteristik dan lingkup e-learning Memahami mekanisme kerja internet Memahami konsep belajar orang dewasa (adult learning) Memahami tahapan pengembangan proyek e- learning Memahami peran masing-masing pihak terkait dalam e-Learning Menguasai tools/teknologi pengembangan materi ajar e-learning

Tahapan Analisis kebutuhan Membuat dokumen desain Membuat spesifikasi teknis Membuat/menyiapkan materi ajar Menyiapkan user interface Memilih media Mengintegrasi semua komponen belajar Menguji materi ajar e-learning

Analisis Analisis kebutuhan belajar user dalam domain belajar yang ada (kognitif, afektif, psikomotorik) Analisis existing condition : masalah, pengalaman belajar, aktifitas belajar.

Dokumen Desain Analisis kebutuhan Analisis peserta Tujuan pelatihan Strategi pengajaran Kombinasi metoda dan media Prasyarat e-tutoring Prasyarat hardware dan software Persyaratan manajemen siswa dan perekaman akademis Berdasar analisis, siapkan dokumen desain yang meliputi

Spesifikasi Teknis Content player yang digunakan Resolusi layar Format teks, suara, gambar, video H/W dan S/W pendukung termasuk sistem operasi yang diguakan Metodologi pemrograman yang digunakan Tools pengembangan yang digunakan, termasuk databasenya Data yang diperlukan Kompatibilitas dengan standar lain, jika ada Aspek teknis dibuat spesifikasinya dalam lingkup sbb. :

Materi Ajar Isi harus jelas sesuai target peserta Pastikan isi teks sudah benar secara gramatikal, tidak salah ketik dan akurat Berikan gambaran singkat dan ringkasan untuk tiap topik yang dibuat Pilih media yang sesuai untuk membantu peserta memahami isi Kombinasikan isi dengan interaksi yang diperlukan, audio/video atau gambar/animasi sesuai kebutuhan Rancang tes, simulasi, penugasan atau evaluasi lain untuk mengukur kemampuan peserta Siapkan materi ajar dengan panduan sbb. :

Sekuens Materi Pastikan tiap unit materi merupakan unit terkecil untuk topik tersebut (atomic) Kombinasi sejumlah materi dengan susunan beragam dapat menghasilkan komposit materi ajar yang berbeda-beda Sekuens materi dapat dibuat dalam sebuah story board Dalam hal materi disusun secara berjenjang, definisikan sekuens materi dengan panduan sbb. :

Standar Materi Agar materi dapat saling dipertukarkan, materi ajar ditulis dengan standar internasional Standar diperlukan bila materi ajar dieksekusi pada teknologi Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), pada sebuah Learning Management System (LMS) Standar yang diadopsi saat ini SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) dari ADL (Advanced Distributed Learning)

User Interface Teks harus dapat dibaca dengan mudah Layout harus konsisten dengan tombol navigasi yang memadai Jumlah menu diset minimum untuk kemudahan pemakai Jika memungkinkan, ikuti standar user interface yang telah banyak diterapkan  warna, menu, layout Uji kenyamanan user interface kepada pemakai Antar muka dengan pemakai dirancang dengan panduan sbb. :

Komparasi Media Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Media Formats: Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface)

Teks Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Bentuk paling dasar dari media belajar Teks tetap menjadi media utama dengan penambahan aspek media lainnya

Suara Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Banyak digunakan pada distance learning Memperkaya media teks

Gambar Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Mendukung visual learning Memperkaya media teks

Video Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Kombinasi audio/visual Memperkaya media teks

Software Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Memainkan peran penting dalam e-learning Bervariasi mulai dari yang sederhana sampai yang kompleks

Kelas Tatap Muka Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Model belajar yang sudah lama dikenal Efektif dan dapat dikombinasi dengan media lainnya

Collaborative Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Belajar kelompok, mudah diadaptasi oleh pembelajar muda Tidak umum dan membutuhkan koordinasi

Integrasi Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Video - digital (CD, DVD), VHS, streaming Audio - MP3's, cassettes, CD's Text - webpages, text books, handouts Visuals - pictures, diagrams, simple animations Live/F2F - classroom, synchronous online Software - simulations, complex interactive animations Collaborative - shared digital spaces Integrated - Using combinations (possibly in a single interface) Integrasi berbagai media diperlukan, menutup kekurangan dengan kelebihan pada media lainnya Efektif dan dapat dikombinasi dengan media lainnya

Teknologi Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) Materi ajar dibundel bersama dengan playernya, tidak dapat di-dekomposisi / rekomposisi dan vendor oriented. Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Materi ajar terpisah dari playernya, dapat di- dekomposisi/rekomposisi, sharable dan tidak vendor oriented. Materi ajar dapat dieksekusi pada stand-alone PC, client/server, atau berbasis web.

Tools ProdusenProdukKeterangan MicrosoftMS PowerPointTool untuk membuat presentasi, dapat dikombinasi dengan animasi MS FrontPageTool untuk HTML authoring MS Visual InterdevTool pemrograman internet dalam format program ASP, digunakan bersama Web Server (IIS) MS Visual Basic / Visual C Tool pemrograman umum MacromediaFlashTool pengembangan animasi AuthorwareTool yang dirancang khusus untuk pengembangan materi ajar DreamweaverTool untuk HTML authoring DirectorUntuk pembuatan storyboard yang lengkap Borland Corporation Borland DelphiTool pemrograman umum Sun MicrosystemJavaTool pemrograman umum TrainerSoft Corp.TrainerSoftTool yang dirancang khusus untuk pengembangan materi ajar

Terima Kasih Inc. Ir. Budi Hartono, MSc.