TEKNOLOGI WIRELESS Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Wireless Communication Transmisi suara dan data menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik menuju ruang bebas Gelombang elektromagnetik Kecepatan Cahaya (c = 3x108 m/s) Memiliki Frekuensi (f) dan Panjang Gelombang (l) c = f x l Penggunaan frekuensi lebih tinggi umumnya medium meredam lebih besar Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Spektrum Frekuensi 104 102 100 10-2 10-4 10-6 10-8 10-10 10-12 10-14 10-16 Radio Spectrum Micro wave IR UV X-Rays Cosmic Rays 104 106 108 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022 1024 1MHz ==100m 100MHz ==1m 10GHz ==1cm Visible light < 30 KHz VLF 30-300KHz LF 300KHz – 3MHz MF 3 MHz – 30MHz HF 30MHz – 300MHz VHF 300 MHz – 3GHz UHF 3-30GHz SHF > 30 GHz EHF Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Contoh : Panjang Gelombang GSM : Frekuensi ~= 900 Mhz Panjang Gelombang ~= 33cm PCS Frekuensi ~= 1.8 Ghz Panjang Gelombang ~= 17.5 cm Bluetooth: Frekuensi ~= 2.4Gz Panjang Gelombang ~= 12.5cm Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Frequency Carrier/Kanal Informasi yang dikirim menuju receiver dilewatkan pada band frekuensi tertentu Disebut sebagai kanal (channel) Tiap kanal memiliki bandwidth yang tetap (dalam KHz) dan kapasitas (bit-rate) Band frekuensi yang berbeda (atau kanal) dapat digunakan untuk mentransmisikan informasi secara paralel dan independen (konsep multiple access) Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Example Assume a spectrum of 90KHz is allocated over a base frequency b for communication between stations A and B Assume each channel occupies 30KHz There are 3 channels Each channel is simplex (Transmission occurs in one way) For full duplex communication: Use two different channels (front and reverse channels) Use time division in a channel Channel 1 (b - b+30) Channel 2 (b+30 - b+60) Channel 3 (b+60 - b+90) Station A Station B Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Simplex Communication Normally, on a channel, a station can transmit only in one way. This is called simplex transmision To enable two-way communication (called full-duplex communication) We can use Frequency Division Multiplexing We can use Time Division Multiplexing Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Duplex Communication - FDD FDD: Frequency Division Duplex Base Station B Mobile Terminal M Forward Channel Reverse Channel Forward Channel and Reverse Channel use different frequency bands Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Duplex Communication - TDD TDD: Time Division Duplex Base Station B Mobile Terminal M M B M B M B A singe frequency channel is used. The channel is divided into time slots. Mobile station and base station transmits on the time slots alternately Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Example - Frequency Spectrum Allocation in U.S. Cellular Radio Service Reverse Channel Forward Channel 991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799 991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799 824-849 MHz 869-894 MHz Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) Reverse Channel 1 <=N <= 799 991 <= N <= 1023 0.030N + 825.0 0.030(N-1023) + 825.0 Forward Channel 1 <=N <= 799 991 <= N <= 1023 0.030N + 870.0 0.030(N-1023) + 870.0 (Channels 800-990 are unused) Channel bandwidth is 45 MHz Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

What is Mobility ? Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static No change of location during a call/connection A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location Mobility and portability Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Degrees of Mobility Walking Users Vehicles Low speed Small roaming area Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access Vehicles High speeds Large roaming area Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones) Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

What is Mobility ? Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static No change of location during a call/connection A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location Mobility and portability Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Degrees of Mobility Walking Users Vehicles Low speed Small roaming area Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access Vehicles High speeds Large roaming area Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones) Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

The Need for Wireless/Mobile Networking Demand for Ubiquitous Computing Anywhere, anytime computing and communication You don’t have to go to the lab to check your email Pushing the computers more into background Focus on the task and life, not on the computer Use computers seamlessly to help you and to make your life more easier Computers should be location aware Adapt to the current location, discover services Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Pengertian Nirkabel Sistem Komunikasi menggunakan frekuensi/spektrum radio, yang memungkinkan transmisi (pengiriman/penerimaan) informasi (suara, data, gambar, video) tanpa koneksi fisik Dibedakan dari sistem transmisi yang memerlukan koneksi fisik, seperti kabel/kawat tembaga atau fiber optik Bersifat tetap (fixed) atau bergerak (mobile) Dibatasi oleh ketersediaan spektrum (pita frekuensi), karena adanya interferensi (saling mengganggu) jika digunakan bersama Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Komunikasi Nirkabel Dapat dilakukan “dimana saja” (mobile) Bisa bersifat lebih personal Dibatasi oleh sifat antarmuka terminal: Layar kecil (ponsel) sampai menengah (laptop) Tombol terbatas Daya terbatas Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Nirkabel Layanan Bersifat tetap (fixed): Penggunaan sekitar rumah (Cordless-DECT) Sambungan lokal (Wireless Local Loop-WLL) Bluetooth: jarak pendek, kecepatan rendah WiFi: jarang menengah, kecepatan cukup tinggi WIMAX: jarak jauh, kecepatan tinggi Satellite: jangkauan luas, kecepatan menengah RFID: jangkauan sangat kecil Layanan Bersifat bergerak (mobile): Limited Mobility (Flexi) Cellular (GSM, CDMA, 3G) Satellite (GMPCS) Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Berbagai Teknologi Nirkabel Degree of mobility Standing Walking Driving User data rate 10 Mbps IEEE 802.16a,d 1 100 HSDPA IEEE 802.16e WLAN (IEEE 802.11x) GSM GPRS DECT EDGE FlashOFDM (802.20) Systems beyond 3G >2010 0.1 BlueTooth UMTS CDMA EV-DO EV-DV Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS Standard Nirkabel Sensors IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance) RFID (AutoID Center) (BAN) BAN: Body Area Network RAN IEEE 802.22 WAN 3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19 MAN IEEE 802.16d WiMAX ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS LAN IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2 ETSI HIPERMAN following 256 OFDM mode of 802.16a IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA PAN ETSI HiperPAN Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

System Evolution Scenario 1st Generation Analog voice 2nd Generation Digital voice & Low rate data 3rd Generation 4th Generation ALL-IP Broadband Ubiquitous & Seamless Generation (Cellular) Voice & High speed data Multimedia WLAN++ 1000 WLAN+ 802.11n, etc. Maximum transmission rate Trmax - Mbps 4G 100 WiMAX UWB, etc. WLAN 802.11a,HiSWANa, HIPERLAN2, etc. 3G+ HSDPA, cdma2000(3X), etc. 10 Nomadic Bluetooth, etc. 3G W-CDMA, Cdma2000, etc. 1 Local 0.1 2G+ PDC,GSM,PHS, etc. Mobile 2G PDC,GSM,PHS, etc. 0.01 ～1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

GSM Evolution GSM CS Up to 9,6 Kbps GSM GPRS Up to 115 kbps UMTS Up to 2 Mbps or 384 in mobility GSM HSCSD Up to 38,4 kbps 2G 3G 2.5G EDGE Operators prefer choose direct going to GPRS technology rather than going to GSM HSCSD technology because no HSCSD handset availability and short time stage Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

CDMA Standards Evolution IS-2000 1X 144 Kbps 600 Kbps peak IS-95A CDMA Voice, packet- 9.6/14.4 Kbps IS-95B CDMA Voice, packet- 64 Kbps IS-2000 1XEV-DO 600 Kbps; 2.4 Kbps peak IS-2000 1XEV-DV 2-5 Mbps peak All IP CDMA2000 PCN/Mobile IP CDMA2000 Interworking function cdmaOne Source: CDMA2000-A world view Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

IMT-2000 (Family of Standards) IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread IMT-2000 CDMA Multi Carrier IMT-2000 CDMA TDD IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier IMT-2000 FDMA/ TDMA WCDMA (UMTS) CDMA2000 1X and 3X UTRA TDD And TD-SCDMA UWC-136/ EDGE DECT FDMA CDMA TDMA Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

Berbagai Jenis Content & Aplikasi Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless