Water Resource Management in Jakarta Based on Climate Change By: Armi Susandi, Atika Lubis, Rusmawan Suwarman, Mamad Tamamadin, Sepanie Putiamini
OUTLINE Introduction Objective Methodology Result and Analysis Adaptation Option Suggested References
Introduction Global climate change causes many areas in Indonesia to be vulnerable on its impacts. DKI Jakarta is recently and in the future in crowded population. Climate change causes pattern of rainfall and effect to frequency and intensity of rainfall in Jakarta. Subsidence of water level is happened in aquifer ground.
Objectives To identify projection of rainfall and other parameters regarding to the water resources in Jakarta. To estimate Jakarta’s water reserve in the future. To conceive the climate change adaptation solving the water resource management in Jakarta.
Flow Chart of The Research Ground Types Map rainfall Infiltration factor (K) Subsidence Map WS=CH-Ep Projection of Population Evapotranspiration I=K x WS Water Needs Water reserve= I x A (Population Area) Rainfall Projection Analysis of Water Reserve Infiltration in Jakarta Water Reserve in Jakarta Adaptation option to water resource management in Jakarta Geological map Climatology Data Land Use Map Population Data Flow Chart of The Research
PROJECTION OF MEAN RAINFALL IN WET MONTHS OVER JAKARTA
Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta mm 600 Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta (Wet Months 2010) (Susandi et. al, 2009)
Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta (Wet Months 2015) mm 600 Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta (Wet Months 2015) (Susandi et. al, 2009)
Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta mm 600 Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta (Wet Months 2020) (Susandi et. al, 2009)
Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta mm 600 Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta (Wet Months 2025) (Susandi et. al, 2009)
Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta mm 600 Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta (Wet Months 2030) (Susandi et. al, 2009)
Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta mm 600 Projection of Rainfall in Jakarta (Wet Months 2035) (Susandi et. al, 2009)
PROJECTION OF POPULATION IN JAKARTA
Population in Jakarta (1972) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI
Population in Jakarta (1983) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI
Population in Jakarta (1993) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI
Population in Jakarta (1998) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI
Population in Jakarta (2002) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI
Projection of Population in Jakarta (2010) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI Sum up of population: 8,981,200 people Source: Bappenas, BPS, UNPF, 2005
Projection of Population in Jakarta (2015) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI Sum up of population: 9,168,500 people Source: Bappenas, BPS, UNPF, 2005
Projection of Population in Jakarta (2020) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI Sum up of population: 9,262,600 people Source: Bappenas, BPS, UNPF, 2005
Projection of Population in Jakarta (2025) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI Sum up of population: 9,259,900 people Source: Bappenas, BPS, UNPF, 2005
Projection of Population in Jakarta (2030) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI Sum up of population: 9,533,550 people Source: Bappenas, BPS, UNPF, 2005
Projection of Population in Jakarta (2035) AIR/SUNGAI FASILITAS UMUM LAHAN TERBUKA PEMUKIMAN RAWA, TAMBAK, LAUT SAWAH VEGETASI Sum up of population: 9,715,575 people Source: Bappenas, BPS, UNPF, 2005
Projection of Land Use and Water Rain Absorbent Land in Jakarta Area (km2) 2010 2015 2020 2025 Swamp 30.53 27.01 11.5 5.74 Open land 6.86 6.32 6.67 3.27 Farm 7.75 0.5 0.92 0.3 Public facility 6.71 6.29 Vegetation 71.98 64.24 37.08 21.75 Shelter 526.17 544.91 586.96 612.65 Absorbent Land 117.12 98.07 56.17 31.06
Decrease of Absorbent Land in Jakarta
Subsidence in 1982 - 1991 (Hasanuddin, 2008)
Subsidence in 1991 - 1997 (Hasanuddin, 2008)
Projection of water reserve in Jakarta contributed by Rainfall Infiltration
Comparison between Water Need and Water Supply Need of water per person in Jakarta is up to 175 liter/day (Kompas, 2005).
ADAPTATION OPTIONS SUGGESTED TO JAKARTA Jakarta map is also embedded by index of climate change vulnerability
2010 From South Area Development: 1. Water Resource Index of Climate Change Vulnerability 1 Development: 1. Water Resource (Susandi et. al, 2009)
2015 From South Area Development: Water Resource Water Collector Index of Climate Change Vulnerability 1 Development: Water Resource Water Collector (Susandi et. al, 2009)
2020 From South Area Development: Water Resource Water Collector Index of Climate Change Vulnerability 1 Development: Water Resource Water Collector Polder (Susandi et. al, 2009)
2025 From South Area Development: Water Resource Water Collector Index of Climate Change Vulnerability 1 Development: Water Resource Water Collector Polder Networking Pipes (Susandi et. al, 2009)
2030 From South Area Development: Water Resource Water Collector Index of Climate Change Vulnerability 1 Development: Water Resource Water Collector Polder Networking Pipes More Pipes & Polder (Susandi et. al, 2009)
2035 From South Area Development: Water Resource Water Collector Index of Climate Change Vulnerability 1 Development: Water Resource Water Collector Polder Networking Pipes More Pipes & Polder (Susandi et. al, 2009)
References Susandi, et al., 2009, Climate Change Vulnerability in Jakarta, National Council on Climate Change Republic of Indonesia. Hasanuddin, et al., 2008, Land Subsidence Characteristics of the Jakarta Basin (Indonesia) as estimated from Leveling, GPS and InSAR and its Environmental Impacts, Mini-Symposium: Flood Risk and Adaptation in Jakarta, ITB. Badan Pusat Statistik, 2005, “Projection of Population in Jakarta”.
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