Bab 6 : Teori dan Estimasi Produksi Managerial economics Bab 6 : Teori dan Estimasi Produksi PhD in Economics, 1998, Dept. of Economics, The University of Queensland, Australia. Post Graduate Diploma in Regional Dev.,1994, Dept. of Economics, The Univ. of Queensland, Australia. MS in Rural & Regional Development Planning, 1986, Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor Lecturer : Muchdie, PhD in Economics

Pokok Bahasan Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek Kurva Biaya Jangka Panjang Ukuran Pabrik dan Skala Ekonomis Kurva Pembelajaran Minimisasi Biaya Secara Internasional Manajemen Logistik atau Penawaran Berantai ? Analisis Biaya-Volume-Laba dan Ungkitan Operasi Estimasi Empiris dan Fungsi Biaya Ringkasan, Pertanyaan Diskusi, Soal-Soal dan Alamat Situs Internet Lampiran : Analisis Biaya Menggunakan Kalkulus Studi Kasus Gabungan 3 : Fungsi Produksi dan Biaya di Industri Pengilangan Minyak

Sifat dan Karakter Biaya Biaya Ekspisit Biaya Akuntansi Biaya Ekonomis Biaya Implisit Biaya Alternatif atau Biaya Opportunitas Biaya Relevan Biaya Inkremental Biaya Tenggelam (Sunk Costs) Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. Slide 3

Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek Biaya Total (Total Cost) = TC = f(Q) Biaya Tetap Total (Total Fixed Cost) = TFC Biaya Variabel Total (Total Variable Cost) = TVC = f(Q) TC = TFC + TVC

Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek Biaya Total Rata-Rata (Average Total Cost) = ATC = TC/Q Biaya Tetap Rata-Rata (Average Fixed Cost) = AFC = TFC/Q Biaya Variabel Rata-Rata (Average Variable Cost) = AVC = TVC/Q ATC = AFC + AVC Biaya Marjinal (Marginal Cost) = TC/Q = TVC/Q

Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek

Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek

Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek Biaya Variabel Rata-Rata AVC = TVC/Q = w/APL Biaya Marjinal TC/Q = TVC/Q = w/MPL

Kurva Biaya Jangka Panjang Total Biaya Jangka Panjang (Long-Run Total Cost) = LTC = f(Q) Biaya Rata-Rata Jangka Panjang (Long-Run Average Cost) = LAC = LTC/Q Biaya Marjinal Jangka Panjang (Long-Run Marginal Cost) = LMC = LTC/Q

Penurunan Kurva Biaya Jangka Panjang

Hubungan Antara Kurva Jangka Panjang dengan Kurva Jangka Pendek

Ukuran Pabrik dan Skala Ekonomis Kemungkinan Bentuk Kurva Biaya Jangka Panjang

Kurva Pembelajaran Biaya Rata-Rata dari Unit Q = C = aQb Bentuk Estimasi: log C = log a + b Log Q

Meminimumkan Biaya Secara Internasional Foreign Sourcing of Inputs New International Economies of Scale Immigration of Skilled Labor Brain Drain

Manajemen Logistik atau Penawaran Berantai ? Merges and integrates functions Purchasing Transportation Warehousing Distribution Customer Services Source of competitive advantage

Manajemen Logistik atau Penawaran Berantai ? Reasons for the growth of logistics Advances in computer technology Decreased cost of logistical problem solving Growth of just-in-time inventory management Increased need to monitor and manage input and output flows Globalization of production and distribution Increased complexity of input and output flows

Analisis Biaya-Volume-Laba Penerimaan Total (Total Revenue) = TR = (P)(Q) Biaya Total (Total Cost) = TC = TFC + (AVC)(Q) Volume Breakeven (Breakeven Volume) TR = TC (P)(Q) = TFC + (AVC)(Q) QBE = TFC/(P - AVC)

Analisis Biaya-Volume-Laba P = 10 TFC = 200 AVC = 5 QBE = 40

Ungkitan Operasi (Operating Leverage) Ungkitan Operasi (Operating Leverage) = TFC/TVC Derajat Ungkitan Operasi (Degree of Operating Leverage) = DOL

Ungkitan Operasi TC’ has a higher DOL than TC and therefore a higher QBE

Estimasi Empiris : Data Collection Issues Opportunity Costs Must be Extracted from Accounting Cost Data Costs Must be Apportioned Among Products Costs Must be Matched to Output Over Time Costs Must be Corrected for Inflation

Bentuk Fungsional untuk Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek Estimasi Empiris Bentuk Fungsional untuk Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek Bentuk Teoritis Pendekatan Linear

Estimasi Empiris Bentuk Teoritis Pendekatan Linear

Estimasi Empiris Kurva Biaya Jangka Panjang Analisis Regresi Seksi Silang (Cross-Section Regression Analysis) Metode Rekayasa (Engineering Method) Teknik Survival (Survival Technique)

LAC Aktual Vs LAC Estimasi Empiris

Penutup Ringkasan (9 Butir) Pertanyaan Diskusi (15 Pertanyaan) Soal-Soal (15 Soal) Alamat Situs Internet Lampiran Bab 7 : Analisis Biaya Menggunakan Kalkulus Studi Kasus Gabungan 3 : Fungsi Produksi dan Biaya Dalam Industri Pengilangan Minyak