NATIONAL ENERGY SITUATION AND STUDY OF BIOMASS POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION INDONESIAN CASE Aryadi Suwono Professor of Mechanical Engineering Energy Conversion Research Group Institute Technology of Bandung Makuhari, Oct 13, 2006

OUTLINE INDONNESIAN ENERGY SITUATION AND POLICY STUDY ON BIOMASS ENERGY POTENSIAL FOR ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION

INDONNESIAN ENERGY SITUATION AND POLICY

ENERGY DATA UPDATE TYPE ENERGY SOURCE THEORETICAL RESOURCE PROVEN RESERVE PRODUCTION RES/PROD RATIO Oil 86.9 billion barrels 5.8 billion barrels 0.5 billion barrels/year 11 Years Natural Gas 384.7 TSCF 90 TSCF 2.9 TSCF/year 30 Years Coal 50 billion tones 5 billion tones 0.1 billion tones/year 50 Years TYPE OF ENERGY SOURCE THEORETICAL RESOURCE EQUIVALENT UTILIZATION INSTALLED CAPACITY Hydro 75,670 MW 845 Millions BOE 6,851 GWh 4,200 MW Geothermal 27,000 MW 219 Million BOE 2,593.5 GWh 800 MW Mini/Micro hydro 712 MW 206 MW Biomass 49,810 MW 302 MW Solar 4.8 kWh/m2/day 5 MW Wind 9,287 MW 0.5 MW

BALANSE OF FOSSIL ENERGY PETROLEUM 2004 (MBOEPD) EKSPOR 514 PRODUKSI 1125 PASOKAN DALAM NEGERI 611 IMPOR 487 NATURAL GAS 2004 (BSCFPD) EKSPOR 4.88 PRODUKSI 8.35 DOMESTIK 3.47 COAL 2004 (MILLION JUTA TON PER YEAR) EKSPOR 92,50 PRODUKSI 131,72 DOMESTIK 32,91

OIL REFINERY AND TRANSPORTATION THAILAND LAOS Manila Transit Terminal Pipeline Distribution Tanker Oil Refinery Bangkok CAMBODIA Philipines Ban Mabtapud South China Sea Phnom Penh VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh City Khanon Erawan Songkhla Bangkot Lawit Jerneh Guntong Kota Kinibalu Banda Aceh Penang West Natuna Natuna Alpha BRUNEI Lhokseumawe P. Brandan: 5 MBOPD WEST MALAYSIA Kerteh Duyong Bandara Seri Begawan Mogpu Kuala Lumpur Port Klang Bintulu Medan Port Dickson EAST MALAYSIA Pacific Ocean Dumai Manado Dumai : 120 MBOPD SINGAPORE Kuching Ternate HALMAHERA Duri Batam Bintan Bontang Attaka KALIMANTAN Samarinda Padang Tunu S U M A T R A Balikpapan Bekapai Kasim : 10 MBOPD Sorong Jambi Balikpapan : 260 MBOPD S.Pakning : 50 MBOPD SULAWESI Jayapura Grissik Musi 135.20 MBOPD Palembang Banjarmasin IRIAN JAYA BURU SERAM Ujung Pandang TOTAL REFINERY CAPACITY 1,057,000 BOPD Balongan : 125 MBOPD I N D O N E S I A Jakarta Semarang Cepu : 3.80 MBOPD MADURA J A V A Bangkalan Bandung Pagerungan Surabaya SUMBAWA Cilacap: 348 MBOPD Yogyakarta FLORES BALI Merauke Indian Ocean LOMBOK TIMOR SUMBA AUSTRALIA

Singapore Gas Trunkline NATURAL GAS RESERVE AND PIPING TRAN THAILAND LAOS Manila Bangkok CAMBODIA Philipines Ban Mabtapud South China Sea Existing Pipeline Planned Pipeline Phnom Penh VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh City Khanon Erawan Songkhla Bangkot 3,896 Lawit Jerneh Guntong Kota Kinibalu Banda Aceh Penang BRUNEI West Natuna Natuna Alpha Lhokseumawe WEST MALAYSIA Kerteh Duyong Bandara Seri Begawan 728 Mogpu Kuala Lumpur Port Klang Singapore Gas Trunkline Bintulu Medan 52,081 31,814 Port Dickson EAST MALAYSIA Pacific Ocean Dumai Manado SINGAPORE Kuching Ternate HALMAHERA 14,782 Duri 3,220 Batam Bintan Bontang LNG Plant & Export Terminal Attaka KALIMANTAN Samarinda Padang Tunu S U M A T R A Balikpapan Bekapai 3,654 Sorong 14,260 Jambi SULAWESI Jayapura Grissik Palembang Banjarmasin IRIAN JAYA BURU SERAM 5,190 Ujung Pandang TOTAL RESERVES 2P : 134,015.5 BSCF Ardjuna Fields 0,11 4,289 I N D O N E S I A Jakarta Cirebon Semarang MADURA J A V A Bangkalan Pagerungan Surabaya BALI SUMBAWA FLORES Merauke Indian Ocean LOMBOK Resources TIMOR 3,00 SUMBA AUSTRALIA GAS RESERVE 2P (BSCF)

TRANS ASEAN GAS PIPELINE (TAGP) INDONESIA MALAYSIA PHILIPPINES VIETNAM THAILAND LAOS MYANMAR CAMBODIA South China Sea Banda Sea Celebes Sea Andaman Sea Gulf of Thailand Straits of Malacca INDIAN OCEAN Java Sea CHINA 3 1 2 5 4 Philippine Sea PACIFIC OCEAN LEGENDS Existing Pipeline Future Pipline Possible Interrconnections Trans-ASEAN Interconnections 1. Dumai to Malacca 2. West Natuna to Duyong 3. East Natuna to Bangkok via Duyong and Bongkot 4. East Natuna to Luzon via Brunei 5. Block B to Bangkok via Bongkot 6. Pauh to Arun 6

COAL RESERVE AND TERMINAL MAXIMUM HANDLING CAPACITY (DWT) Tanjung Redep* 5.000 Tanjung Bara 200.000 B l o r o* 8.000 Loa Tebu* 8.000 Balikpapan 60.000 Tanah Merah 20.000 COAL RESERVE (%) THERETICAL = 58 BILLION TON PROVEN = 6.9 billion ton MEASURED = 12.4 billion ton TOTAL = 19.3 billion ton R/P = 147 years KALIMANTAN SUMATRA JAVA 5.0 9.3 12.2 IRIAN JAYA 10.6 55.1 SULAWESI North Pulau Laut 150.000 IBT – 70.000 Sembilang* 7.500 Air Tawar* 7.500 Banjarmasin* 10.000 South Pulau Laut 200.000 S a t u i* 5.000 Kelanis* 10.000 Tarahan 40.000 Pulau Baai 35.000 Kertapati 10.000 Teluk Bayur 35.000 Catatan : * River Terminal

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISION GRID THAILAND LAOS Manila Bangkok CAMBODIA Philipines Ban Mabtapud Existing Transmission Planned Transmission Power Plant South China Sea Phnom Penh VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh City Khanon Erawan Songkhla Bangkot Lawit Jerneh Guntong Kota Kinibalu Banda Aceh Penang West Natuna Natuna Alpha BRUNEI Lhokseumawe WEST MALAYSIA Kerteh Duyong Bandara Seri Begawan Mogpu Kuala Lumpur Port Klang Bintulu Medan Port Dickson EAST MALAYSIA Pacific Ocean Dumai Manado SINGAPORE Total Kalimantan : 800 MW Kuching Ternate HALMAHERA Duri Batam Bintan Total Sumatera : 3,200 MW Bontang Attaka Sorong KALIMANTAN Samarinda Padang Tunu S U M A T R A Balikpapan Bekapai Total Sulawesi : 650 MW Jayapura Jambi SULAWESI Grissik Palembang Banjarmasin IRIAN JAYA BURU SERAM Ujung Pandang TOTALCAPACITY 24,000 MW I N D O N E S I A Jakarta Semarang MADURA J A V A Bangkalan Pagerungan Merauke Total Jawa Bali : 18,500 MW Surabaya BALI SUMBAWA FLORES Indian Ocean LOMBOK TIMOR SUMBA AUSTRALIA

ROADMAP OF NUCLEAR ENERGY DEVELOPEMENT 2000-2025 2020 Erection NPP-1 Energy Planning with Inclusion of Nuclear Energy Decission Go for NPP Tender NPP 1&2 Operate 2005 2010 2015 Sosializatio of NPP 2025 Konstruksi PLTN-2 Establishment “Owner” NPP-2 NPP-4 NPP-3 PLTN-4 NPP 3&4

TARGET OF NATIONAL ENERGY MIX IN 2025 OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN ENERGI

STUDY ON BIOMASS ENERGY POTENSIAL FOR ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION

BACKGROUND Increasing demand of electricity, presently electrification ratio 0.53 Need for decreasing the consumption of fossil fuel High potentially available renewable energy sources: Approx. 160.000 MW (excluding solar energy) Only 5200 MW has been utilized Approx. 45.000 MW biomass energy potential Willingness of Indonesian Government and PLN to utilize the renewable energy sources

POTENTIAL OF NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDONESIA NO ENERGY SOURCES POTENTIAL INSTALLED CAPACITY % 1 Hydro (Incl. small scale) 75.450 MW 4.264 MW ± 5,6 % 2 Geothermal 20.000 MW 802 MW ± 4,1 % 3 Alternative Energy Biomass Equivalent 50.000 MW 302 MW Solar 4,8 kWh/m2/day Equivalent ± 5 MW Wind 450 MW ± 0,5 MW Sea wave 10 – 35 MW per Km coast length

PLN FUTURE PLAN To empower current PLN renewable energy generator Tonny Agus, Deputy Director for Primary Energy, Workshop on Biomass for Sustainable Electric Power Generation, March 1, 2005 To empower current PLN renewable energy generator To build renewable energy power plant based on current studis To construct commercially potential renewable energy map To study the renewable energy feasibility, technically and economically, to replace fossil fuel energy To look for economically funding source

RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POLICY Tonny Agus, Deputy Director for Primary Energy, Workshop on Biomass for Sustainable Electric Power Generation, March 1, 2005 Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No.1122 K/30/MEM/2002 about Small Scale Power Plant (up to 1000 kW) has already been published -- updated to 15 MW Developer has to fulfill technical and operational requirement of local PLN If future development location has already been studied by PLN, further discussion with fair partnership spirit has to be held PLN is supporting the developer which will develop the small scale power plant potential as long as fulfilling the technical and operational requirement of PLN It is preferable for PLN that the capacity can be flexibly increased, for example from 1000 kW to 10.000 kW The consequence is that the Ministry Regulation may be revised.

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 1122.K/30/MEM/2002 About Small Scale Power Plant (scattered PSK) Operator : Small scale business (as shown in UU No.9, 1995 ) Energy Sources : Renewable Energy (wind, sun, mini/micro hydro, waste, geothermal, etc.) Capacity : max. 1 MW/power plant ------ currently is updated to 15 MW Location : reachable by PLN network on medium/low voltage (on-grid) Electric power selling price as shown in paragraph 13 Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 1122.K/30/MEM/2002, are : 0.8 times HPP medium voltage if interconnected to Medium Voltage Network 0.6 times HPP low voltage if interconnected to Low Voltage Network

STUDY ON BIOMASS AS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FOR ELECTRIC POWER PLANT Workshop: Inputs from related institutions Survey on Biomass Energy Potential Output: Biomass Energy map Design requirement of Biomass Power Generation plant (PLTBM) Business Plan of PLTBM Policy and Regulation Required Data base for FS Data and information Collection Evaluation on financial assistant scheme Analysis Evaluation on Biomass Utilization Technology Comparative Study

Coconut waste

Rice waste

Oil palm

Sugar cane waste

Wood waste

Total biomass potential

Potential of electricity from biomass

Highest of biomass for electricity

Highest of biomass for electricity

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