demokrasi catatan kuliah isu global kontemporer

demokrasi ciri? kelebihan? kekurangan? kapan perlu? kapan tidak perlu?

ciri demokrasi

kelebihan demokrasi

kekurangan demokrasi

mengapa perlu demokrasi

kapan tidak perlu demokrasi

demokrasi? dari, oleh, untuk rakyat siapa rakyat? semua orang sebagian besar orang (yang menjadi bagian kelompok mayoritas) sebagian orang (yang memiliki akses) sebagian kecil orang (di dalam atau dekat dengan lingkaran kekuasaan)

demokrasi a la David Held “a form of government in which, in contradistinction to monarchies and aristocracies, the people rule… (and it) entails a state in which there is some form of political equality among the people”

demokrasi a la David Held aid to decision-making process: means to legitimate the decisions of those voted into power popular power: a form of life in which citizens are engaged in self-government and self-regulation

demokrasi a la Iris Marion Young aggregative model: a competitive power-oriented process, fosters exclusion, results in weaker legitimacy deliberative model: a collective problem solving process, fosters inclusion, results in higher legitimacy

demokrasi a la Held, Dahl, Linz, Stephan, Huntington, procedural: focuses on whether or not ‘democratic mechanisms’ exist substantive: focuses on whether or not ‘democratic values’ are exercised and met

demokrasi a la Arend Lijphart majoritarian model: majority of the people consensus model: as many people as possible

demokrasi a la Giovanni Sartori absolute majority: a system of simple and pure majority rule limited majority: a system of majority rule limited by minority rights

demokrasi/demokratisasi mendorong kekerasan? mendorong perdamaian?

demokratisasi & kekerasan Jack Snyder: predemocratic popular rivalries elite persuasion Lee, Lindstrom, Moore, Turan: ties government’s hands, creates more space for popular uprising ready for mobilisation Przeworski: weakness of the centre

demokratisasi & perdamaian kebebasan, hak dasar, peaceful coexistence menghindari penumpukan kekuasaan memperluas arena power struggle antarkelompok pengaturan mekanistis

serba-serbi demokrasi 550 konsep philosopher king dari, oleh, untuk rakyat trias politica check and balance partisipasi publik akuntabilitas, transparansi

serba-serbi demokrasi jatuhnya diktator - extrication waves (and reverses): 1828-1926, 19943-1964, 1970-? consolidation: 2 turn over-test tyranny of majority hukum besi oligarki trust civil liberty - culture of peace