FIREWALL

Konsep Firewall salah satu lapisan pertahanan yang mengatur hubungan komputer dengan dunia luar melalui interogasi setiap traffic, packet, dan port-port yang diatur dengan rule-rule yang ada Dilakukan dengan cara : Menyaring membatasi menolak hubungan /kegiatan suatu segmen pada jaringan pribadi dengan jaringan luar yang bukan merupakan ruang lingkupnya

Konfigurasi Sederhana pc (jaringan local) <==> firewall <==> internet (jaringan lain) Firewall Boleh lewat mbak ? Nih surat-suratnya Anak kecil ga boleh keluar.. sudah malam

Firewall Topologi : Basic Two-interface Firewall (no DMZ) Connects to ISP using DSL, Cable Modem, ISDN, Dial-up, … Provides for “Internet Connection Sharing” of a single public IP address for a local network using SNAT/Masquerading

Firewall Topologi : Three-interface Firewall (with DMZ) Provides internet connection sharing of one or more public IP addresses. Had a DMZ containing servers that are exposed to the internet. If a server is hacked, the Firewall and the Local network aren’t compromised.

Tipe Firewall Berdasarkan mekanisme cara kerja : Packet Filtering Memfilter paket berdasarkan sumber, tujuan dan atribut paket (filter berdasar IP dan Port). Yang difilter IP, TCP, UDP, and ICMP headers and port number Application Level Biasa disebut proxy firewall, filter bisa berdasarkan content paket Circuit Level Gateway Filter berdasarkan sesi komunikasi, dengan pengawasan sesi handshake. Terdapat sesi NEW/ESTABLISH Statefull Multilayer Inspection Firewall Kombinasi dari ketiga tipe firewall diatas

Circuit Level / Stateful Inspection Firewalls Default Behavior Permit connections initiated by an internal host Deny connections initiated by an external host Can change default behavior with ACL For DMZ Implementation Automatically Accept Connection Attempt Internet Router Automatically Deny Connection Attempt

DMZ Configuration Place web servers in the “DMZ” network Only allow web ports (TCP ports 80 and 443) internet Firewall Web Server Only allow the services that are required. This example is a pretty easy one, HTTP and HTTPS are used for web communications and run on TCP ports 80 and 443. Sometimes you may have to open an application to the Internet that is not well documented, making the task of determining which ports to open all that more difficult.

Mas ..yang merah gak boleh lewat lho DMZ Configuration Don’t allow web servers access to your network Allow local network to manage web servers (SSH) Don’t allow servers to connect to the Internet Patching is not convenient Firewall Web Server internet Mas ..yang merah gak boleh lewat lho If your web server is compromised you don’t want it to start attacking your local network. The DMZ configuration allows you to contain the vulnerable servers, and prevent a compromise from spreading. Also, you must allow the local network to connect to the web server, using a secure protocol such as SSH. This one may take some convincing of you developers and systems administrators. In all reality your web servers do not need to connect out to the Internet . If one becomes compromised the first thing an attacker is going to do is download some malicious code (root kit, backdoor, sniffer, etc..). You can prevent this by not letting you web server connect to the Internet. This makes patching a little more difficult. Patches must be downloaded by another system, then copied to the web server. Numerous attacks have been (and many could have been) prevented if this simple rule was in place.

IPTABLES

IPTABLES iptables is a networking administration command-line tool on Linux which interfaces to the kernel-provided Netfilter modules. This allows for stateless and stateful firewalls and NAT. It is useful to think of IPtables as being a specialised firewall-creation programming language.

Prinsip Kerja iptables Paket masuk diproses berdasarkan tujuan : Destination IP untuk Firewall  masuk proses input Destination IP bukan untuk firewall tapi diteruskan  masuk proses FORWARD Selanjutnya dicocokkan berdasarkan tabel policy yang dipunyai firewall apakah di-accept atau di-drop

Prinsip Kerja Firewall Firewall Machine

Sintaks IPTABLES Opsi -A, menambah satu aturan baru ditempatkan pada posisi terakhir iptables –A INPUT … -D, menghapus rule iptables –D INPUT 1 iptables –D –s 202.154.178.2 … -I, menambah aturan baru penempatan bisa disisipkan sesuai nomor iptables –I INPUT 3 –s 202.154.178.2 –j ACCEPT -R, mengganti rule iptables –R INPUT 2 –s –s 202.154.178.2 –j ACCEPT -F, menghapus seluruh rule iptables –F -L, melihat Rule iptables -L

Parameter -p [!] protocol, protokol yang akan dicek Iptables –A INPUT –p tcp … -s [!] address/[mask], memeriksa kecocokan sumber paket Iptables –A INPUT –s 10.252.44.145 … -d [!] address/[mask], memerika kecocokan tujuan paket Iptables –A INPUT –d 202.154.178.2 … -j target, menentukan nasib paket, target misal ACCEPT/DROP/REJECT Iptables –A INPUT –d 202.154.178 –j DROP -i [!] interface_name, identifikasi kartu jaringan tempat masuknya data Iptables –A INPUT –i etho …. -o [!] interface_name, identifikasi kartu jaringan tempat keluarnya paket Iptables –A OUTPUT –o eth1 ….

Match iptables --mac address, matching paket berdasarkan nomor MAC Address Iptables –m mac –mac-address 44:45:53:54:00:FF Multiport, mendifinisikan banyak port Iptables –m multiport –source-port 22,25,110,80 –j ACCEPT State, mendefinisikan state dari koneksi Iptables –A INPUT –m state –state NEW, ESTABLISH –j ACCEPT

Target/Jump iptables ACCEPT, setiap paket langsung diterima Iptables –A INPUT –p tcp –dport 80 –j ACCEPT DROP, paket datang langsung dibuang Iptables –A INPUT –p tcp –dport 21 –j DROP REJECT, paket yang ditolak akan dikirimi pesan ICMP error Iptables –A INPUT –p tcp –dport 21 –j REJECT SNAT, sumber paket dirubah, biasanya yang memiliki koneksi internet Iptables –t nat –A POSROUTING –p tcp –o eth0 –j SNAT –to-source 202.154.178.2 DNAT, merubah tujuan alamat paket. Biasanya jika server alamat Ipnya lokal, supaya internet bisa tetap akses diubah ke publik Iptables –t nat –A PREPROUTING –p tcp –d 202.154.178.2 –dport 80 –j DNAT –to-destination 192.168.1.1 MASQUERADE, untuk berbagi koneksi internet dimana no_ipnya terbatas, sebagai mapping ip lokal ke publik Iptables –t nat –A POSTROUTING –o eth0 –dport 80 –j MASQUERADE REDIRECT, sigunakan untuk transparent proxy Ipatbles –t nat –A PREROUTING –p tcp –d 0/0 –dport 80 –j REDIRECT –to-port 8080 LOG, melakukan pencatatan terhadap aktifitas firewall kita, untuk melihat bisa dibuka /etc/syslog.conf Iptables –A FORWARD –j LOG –log-level-debug Iptables –A FORWARD –j LOG –log-tcp-options

Firewall Option # Mengeluarkan Modul-modul Iptables /sbin/modprobe ip_tables /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack /sbin/modprobe iptable_filter /sbin/modprobe iptable_mangle /sbin/modprobe iptable_nat /sbin/modprobe ipt_LOG /sbin/modprobe ipt_limit /sbin/modprobe ipt_state /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_irc /sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp /sbin/modprobe ip_nat_irc

Menghapus Rule iptables # Menghapus aturan iptables $IPTABLES -F $IPTABLES -t nat -F $IPTABLES -t mangle -F # Menghapus nama kolom yg dibuat manual $IPTABLES -X $IPTABLES -t nat -X $IPTABLES -t mangle -X

Packet Filtering Firewall

Packet Filtering Firewall

Circuit Level Gateway

Forward iptables –t nat –A POSTROUTING –s IP_number -d 0/0 –j MASQUERADE #iptables –A FORWARD –p icmp –s 0/0 –d 0/0 –j ACCEPT Iptables –A INPUT –p imcp –s 0/0 –j DROP #iptables –A FORWARD –i eth1 –o eth0 –p icmp –s 10.252.105.109 –d 192.168.108.5 –j ACCEPT #iptables –A FORWARD –s 192.168.108.5/24 –d 0/0 –p tcp --dport ftp, -j REJECT

Studi Kasus 1 Bangun Jaringan sendiri Install web server dan FTP Server pada jaringan Internet (10.252.105.xxx) Setting memblok PC2 dan PC3 supaya tidak bisa mengakses web dan FTP

Setting Komputer Router PC1 Setting Ip_forward #echo 1> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward Setting menggunakan NAT iptables –t nat –A POSTROUTING –o eth0 –s IP_number -d 0/0 –j MASQUERADE Setting IP Eth0  192.168.105.109 Bcast:192.168.105.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 Eth0:1  192.168.108.1 Bcast:192.168.108.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 Setting Routing # route add default gw 192.168.105.1

Setting Setiap Client PC2 PC3 PC4 Setting Gateway untuk PC2, PC3 & PC4 Setting IP inet addr:192.168.108.10 Bcast:192.168.108.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 PC3 inet addr:192.168.108.5 Bcast:192.168.108.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 PC4 inet addr:192.168.108.20 Bcast:192.168.108.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 Setting Gateway untuk PC2, PC3 & PC4 route add default gw 192.168.108.1

Test Konektifitas Router PC 1 PC 2 PC 3 PC 4 ping 192.168.108.10, ping 192.168.108.5, ping 192.168.108.20, ping 192.168.105.1, ping 202.154.187.4 PC 2 ping 192.168.105.109, ping 192.168.108.5, ping 192.168.108.20, ping 192.168.105.1, ping 202.154.187.4 PC 3 ping 192.168.105.109, ping 192.168.108.10, ping 192.168.108.20, ping 192.168.105.1, ping 202.154.187.4 PC 4 ping 192.168.105.109, ping 192.168.108.10, ping 192.168.108.5, ping 192.168.105.1, ping 202.154.187.4

Rule Firewall Setting memblok PC2 dan PC3 supaya tidak bisa mengakses web dan FTP #iptables –A FORWARD –m state –state NEW –m multiport –s 192.168.108.5/24 –d 0/0 –p tcp –dport www, -j REJECT #iptables –A FORWARD –m state –state NEW –m multiport –s 192.168.108.5/24 –d 0/0 –p tcp –dport ftp, -j REJECT #iptables –restore, iptables save

Studi Kasus 2 - DMZ eth0 with 192.168.1.1 private IP address - Internal LAN ~ Desktop system eth1 with 202.54.1.1 public IP address - WAN connected to ISP router eth2 with 192.168.2.1 private IP address - DMZ connected to Mail / Web / DNS and other private servers

Routing traffic between public and DMZ server To set a rule for routing all incoming SMTP requests to a dedicated Mail server at IP address 192.168.2.2 and port 25, network address translation (NAT) calls a PREROUTING table to forward the packets to the proper destination. This can be done with appropriate IPTABLES firewall rule to route traffic between LAN to DMZ and public interface to DMZ. For example, all incoming mail traffic from internet (202.54.1.1) can be send to DMZ mail server (192.168.2.2) with the following iptables prerouting rule (assuming default DROP all firewall policy):

Routing traffic between public and DMZ server ### end init firewall .. Start DMZ stuff #### # forward traffic between DMZ and LAN iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth2 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # forward traffic between DMZ and WAN servers SMTP, Mail etc iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth1 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth2 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Route incoming SMTP (port 25 ) traffic to DMZ server 192.168.2.2 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 -d 202.54.1.1 --dport 25 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.2 # Route incoming HTTP (port 80 ) traffic to DMZ server load balancer IP 192.168.2.3 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 -d 202.54.1.1 --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.3 # Route incoming HTTPS (port 443 ) traffic to DMZ server reverse load balancer IP 192.168.2.4 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 -d 202.54.1.1 --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.4 ### End DMZ .. Add other rules ###

Where, -i eth1 : Wan network interface -d 202.54.1.1 : Wan public IP address --dport 25 : SMTP Traffic -j DNAT : DNAT target used set the destination address of the packet with --to-destination --to-destination 192.168.2.2: Mail server ip address (private IP)

Multi port redirection You can also use multiport iptables module to matches a set of source or destination ports. Up to 15 ports can be specified. For example, route incoming HTTP (port 80 ) and HTTPS ( port 443) traffic to WAN server load balancer IP 192.168.2.3: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 -d 202.54.1.1 -m multiport --dport 80,443 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.2.3

Studi Kasus 3 - Tugas

SHOREWALL

Shorewall

Shorewall Shorewall tools for building a firewall variable : interfaces, zones, rules Konfigurasi Shorewall terdapat pada direktori /etc/shorewall, yang minimal terdiri dari zone, interfaces, rule, policy, dan shorewall.conf.

Topologi Shorewall

Zone Shorewall membagi jaringan menjadi beberapa zone yang dideskripsikan di /etc/shorewall/zones diibaratkan komputer terdiri dari dua interfaces maka akan kita buat menjadi zone net dan zone loc, sehingga konfigurasi /etc/shorewall/zones sbb: #ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN OUT # OPTIONS OPTIONS fw firewall net ipv4 loc ipv4 Zone net adalah zona internet zone loc adalah zona lokal Zona fw mendeskripsikan mesin firewall itu sendiri. Penamaan zona terserah kepada kita.

Interfaces Kemudian kita definisikan interfaces apa saja yang akan kita terapkan zona tadi pada /etc/shorewall/interfaces, konfigurasinya kira-kira seperti : #ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS net eth0 detect norfc1918 loc eth1 detect

Rules Rules dalah kebijakan yang akan mengatur setiap koneksi yang masuk ke firewall, contoh konfigurasi /etc/shorewall/rules : #ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST PORT(S) Ping/ACCEPT loc:192.168.0.1 $FW ACCEPT $FW all icmp Web/ACCEPT all $FW SSH/ACCEPT loc:192.168.0.1 $FW

Policy Policy adalah kebijakan umum yang diterapkan untuk hubungan masing-masing zone jika nanti tidak ada rule yang mendeskripsikannya , misalkan : #SOURCE DEST POLICY LOG LEVEL LIMIT:BURST loc net ACCEPT net all DROP info all all REJECT info

Untuk instalasi berbasis debian biasanya file /etc/shorewall kosong, file-file rule default dapat di copy dari /usr/share/doc/shorewall/default-config serta contoh-contoh konfigurasi juga ada pada /usr/share/doc/shorewall/examples

Installation Remove :~# apt-get remove portmap :~# apt-get remove nfs-common :~# apt-get remove pidentd

Installation Install Shorewall :~# apt-get install shorewall Install documentation :~# apt-get install shorewall-doc

Configuration goto shorewall directory look inside :~# cd /etc/shorewall look inside :/etc/shorewall# ls

Configuration Change /etc/default/shorewall from startup=0 to # vim /etc/default/shorewall change the startup

Activate the firewall do this # /etc/init.d/shorewall start watch your firewall # iptables –nL | less

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