Ethics in Biotechnology Y. Andi Trisyono Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Agriculture, GMU

Agenda Definition of ethicsDefinition of ethics Public perception regarding biotechnologyPublic perception regarding biotechnology BioethicsBioethics Issues related with biotech foodIssues related with biotech food

Ethics Ethics--from ancient Greek ethos, meaning “character” or “custom”Ethics--from ancient Greek ethos, meaning “character” or “custom” Distinguishing between that which is unacceptable behavior and that which makes us uncomfortableDistinguishing between that which is unacceptable behavior and that which makes us uncomfortable

I S A A A IndoBiC What Images does Animal Biotechnology Imply?

I S A A A IndoBiC

Modern Classical Breeding Desired Gene X Donor Gene Source Compatible Donor Plant Commercial Variety New improved plant Random, multi gene transfer Commercial Variety New Improved Plant Single Gene Transfer Modern Breeding with Biotechnology (Glick 2010)

CULTIVATED BIOTECH PLANTS Biotech Cotton Control Corn Insect Protected Virus Protected Control Soybean Herbicide Tolerant Biotech Corn Control Maize Biotech Maize Biotech Soybean Control Cotton Control Soybean Biotech Maize Biotech Papaya Control Papaya Control Maize (Glick 2010)

THE AGRICULTURAL CHALLENGE INCREASE LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION TO MEET INCREASING PROTEIN DEMAND (Glick 2010)

Research is a must: in biological field Seberapa jauh kita kita seharusnya melangkah?Seberapa jauh kita kita seharusnya melangkah? Seberapa jauh kita bisa melangkah?Seberapa jauh kita bisa melangkah?

The emergence of e new discipline: bioethics Sejak tahun 1970Sejak tahun 1970 Mempelajari tingkah laku manusia dalam lingkup ilmu pengetahuan yang terkait erat dengan kehidupan manusiaMempelajari tingkah laku manusia dalam lingkup ilmu pengetahuan yang terkait erat dengan kehidupan manusia UGM - adaUGM - ada

Tugas, Kewajiban dan Peluang Manusia diberi kesempatan untuk memenuhi dan mengelola bumi dengan dasar akal budi dan rasa hormat serta dalam kendali pelayanan dan kecerdasan manusia (Bone 1985)Manusia diberi kesempatan untuk memenuhi dan mengelola bumi dengan dasar akal budi dan rasa hormat serta dalam kendali pelayanan dan kecerdasan manusia (Bone 1985)

How to deal: Strategies Komisi etikaKomisi etika Peranan pengalamanPeranan pengalaman DialogDialog Peran pribadiPeran pribadi

Food Biotech Public Issues North/SouthNorth/South Global Food SecurityGlobal Food Security ResearchResearch International TradeInternational Trade

North-South World: Problems in the South Kelaparan dan kekurangan giziKelaparan dan kekurangan gizi Ancaman tropis: kesehatanAncaman tropis: kesehatan Pertumbuhan pendudukPertumbuhan penduduk Pendidikan dan kesehatanPendidikan dan kesehatan Industri dan pembangunanIndustri dan pembangunan Lingkungan dan biodiversitasLingkungan dan biodiversitas

THE FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGE World Population (B) Transition Nations Developed Nations Developing Nations 3 BILLION MORE PEOPLE BY 2030 (Glick 2010)

THE FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGE 50% MORE FOOD BY 2030! Grain Demand (MT) Transition Nations Developed Nations Developing Nations (Glick 2010)

Indonesia Food availability: 4.8% increase in 2008Food availability: 4.8% increase in 2008 Food access: closed to 35 million live below the national poverty line in 2008Food access: closed to 35 million live below the national poverty line in 2008 Nutrition: Underweight 18.4% and stunting 36.8% (2007)Nutrition: Underweight 18.4% and stunting 36.8% (2007) (Food Security Council 2009)

Food Biotech Public Issues North/SouthNorth/South Global Food SecurityGlobal Food Security ResearchResearch International TradeInternational Trade

Food Biotech Public Issues Food SafetyFood Safety LabelingLabeling Intellectual propertyIntellectual property EnvironmentEnvironment

Biotechnology and Food Personal Choices & Public Policies Thomas M. Zinnen Biotechnology Policy & Outreach Specialist University of Wisconsin-Madison/Extension

The Challenge of Perception is the Potential for The Feeling of Deception How Consumers Think New Foods Are Developed, Tested and Regulated How New Foods Are Actually Developed, Tested and Regulated

"Is It Safe?" vs. "Is It Safe Enough?” Science can assess the riskScience can assess the risk Politics draws the threshold of acceptancePolitics draws the threshold of acceptance For example, what are the roles of science and of politics in setting speed limits?For example, what are the roles of science and of politics in setting speed limits?

Two Types of Regulations Regulations to protect the public from the risks of biotechnologyRegulations to protect the public from the risks of biotechnology Regulations to protect biotechnology from the fears of the publicRegulations to protect biotechnology from the fears of the public What are the benefits and pitfalls of such ‘reassurance regulations’?What are the benefits and pitfalls of such ‘reassurance regulations’?

Labeling in US: The Product CompositionComposition AdulterationAdulteration

Labeling in US: The Claims TruthfulTruthful And Not MisleadingAnd Not Misleading

The Consumer Sovereignty Argument: The consumer has a right to know what goes in the consumer’s body. WWW2NO: Whatever We Want to Know Rights vs Remedies The strength of the right is really in the power of the remedy

Communicating with the public A key part of ensuring that consumers can enjoy the benefits of new tools while minimizing risks and offering consumer choice.