1-1 An Overview of International Business Pertemuan #1

Pokok Bahasan Perkuliahan Pertemuan Ke POKOK BAHASAN TUGAS Membaca Soal 1 Penjelasan G2BPP, Review teori dasar Makro dan Mikro dan Ruang Lingkup Bisnis Internasional G2BPP - 2 Sejarah Perdagangan, MNC, dan Globalisasi BKW I Hal : 2-75 BKW II Hal : Perdagangan dan Investasi dalam Bisnis Internasional BKW I Hal : Teori Ekonomi Bisnis Internasional BKW I Hal : BKW II Hal : Organisasi Perdagangan Internasional BKW I Hal : BKW II Hal : Sistem Moneter Internasional BKW I Hal : Valuta Asing, Neraca Pembayaran dan Hutang Pemerintah BKW I Hal : BKW II Hal : 119, UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER (UTS) ©2004 Prentice Hall1-2

8 Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi dan pengaruhnya terhadap Bisnis Internasional BKW I Hal : Faktor Pendorong Bisnis Internasional BKW I Hal : Sosiokultural dan Bisnis Internasional BKW I Hal : Kekuatan Politik dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Bisnis Internasional BKW I Hal : Tarif, Proteksi dan Counter Trade BKW II Hal : Menilai dan Menganalisis Pasar BKW I (jilid 2) Hal : Praktik ekspor dan impor BKW I (jilid 2) Hal : UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER (UAS) 1-3

Pengertian Perdagangan Internasional (bisnis internasional) Barang / Jasa / Capital Negara A Negara B Barang / Jasa / Capital Batas Wilayah Pabean

Alasan dilakukannya International Trade Disparitas Harga Supply-demand Laws Selera Perbedaan Sumber Daya

Komponen yang terlibat  Lebih dari satu negara –Pemerintah –Swasta –Rumah tangga  Organisasi Perdagangan Internasional

1-7 How Does International Business Differ from Domestic?  Currency conversion  Legal systems  Culture  Availability of resources

1-8 Why Study International Business?  Large organizations  Foreign-owned subsidiaries  Small businesses  Competitors  Business techniques and tools  Cultural literacy

1-9 International Business Activities  Exporting and Importing  International Investments  Licensing, Franchising, and Management Contracts

1-10 Exporting and Importing  Exporting: selling of products made in one’s own country for use or resale in other countries  Importing: buying of products made in other countries for use or resale in one’s own country

1-11  53% of Boeing’s aircraft sales are to foreign airlines Perlu diketahui

1-12 Visible and Invisible Trade  Trade in Goods –Merchandise exports and imports –Visible trade  Trade in Services –Service exports and imports –Invisible trade

1-13 International Investments  Capital supplied by residents of one country to residents of another  2 categories: –Foreign direct investments –Portfolio investments

1-14 Other Forms of International Business Activity  Licensing: firm in one country licenses the use of its intellectual property to a firm in a second country in return for a royalty payment  Franchising: firm in one country authorizes a firm in another country to utilize its operating system and intellectual property

1-15 Management Contracts  A firm in one country agrees to operate facilities or provide other management services to a firm in another country for an agreed-upon fee  Common in upper-end international hotel industry

1-16 This Beijing restaurant is one of 430 that McDonald’s has built in China

1-17 Table 1.1 The World’s Largest Corporations – 2002 RankNameCountryRevenues $Mil 1Wal-Mart StoresU.S.246,525 2General MotorsU.S.186,763 3Exxon MobilU.S.182,466 4Royal Dutch/ShellNetherlands179,431 5BPBritain178,721 6Ford MotorU.S.163,871 7DaimlerChryslerGermany141,421 8Toyota MotorJapan131,754 9General ElectricU.S.131,698 10MitsubishiJapan109,386

C1-18 Sources of International Commodity Trade Data  Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) –Commodity Trade Statistics –Main Economic Indicators  U.S. Census Bureau report of exports and imports –United States Commodity Imports and Exports as Related to Output

Supply Curves of Wheat and Textiles Under Constant Cost Conditions FIGURE 2.1 C1-19

C1-20 Comparative Opportunity Cost  Who Exports What? –Necessary to measure joint productivity of all factors (in monetary value). –Unit production cost = aggregate resources used in production of one output unit  Limits to Mutually Beneficial Exchange

Region of Mutually Beneficial Trade FIGURE 2.2 C1-21

C1-22 Dynamic Gains from International Trade  Static effects—reallocation of resources  Dynamic benefits—additional resources available  Higher income from more efficient use of resources  Increased savings, more resources available for investment  Technological spillover  Increased size of national market  Economies of scale and benefits to economy at large –Competitive pressure on prices –Product improvement –Technological advancement –Increased labor pool –Infrastructure development –Inflation dampening

Tugas Mandiri  Identifikasi Kegiatan International Trade  Isu-isu yang sedang terjadi saat ini