Biaya Produksi Bab VII MC ATC AVC AFC

Dlm Bab Ini Akan Dipelajari Berbagai Organisasi Perusahaan Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Hubungan Antara ukuran Perusahaan dan Biaya Dlm Jk Panjang

Topik Bab VII Sektor Bisnis Biaya Ekonomi Produksi jk Pendek Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang

Sektor Bisnis Satu Lokasi Terminology.... 1- PLANT Satu Lokasi

one business organization Sektor Bisnis NOTES: Terminology.... 1- PLANT Vertical Combinations one business organization with one or more plants 2- FIRM Horizontal Combinations Conglomerates

Sektor Bisnis 1- PLANT 2- FIRM 3- INDUSTRY Kumpulan perusahaan Terminology.... Kumpulan perusahaan Menjual produk sama 1- PLANT 2- FIRM 3- INDUSTRY

Topik Bab VII Sektor Bisnis Biaya Ekonomi Produksi jk Pendek Biaya Produksi jk Pendek Biaya Produksi jk Panjang

Biaya Ekonomi... ... Opportunity Costs

Biaya Ekonomi Explicit Costs Implicit Costs

Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Gambar 7-1 Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Total Revenue 10

Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Gambar 7-1 Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Total Revenue Accounting costs (explicit costs only) Explicit Costs 11

Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Gambar 7-1 Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Accounting Profits Total Revenue Accounting costs (explicit costs only) Explicit Costs 12

Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Gambar 7-1 Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Accounting Profits Implicit costs (including a normal profit) Total Revenue Economic (opportunity) Costs Accounting costs (explicit costs only) Explicit Costs 13

Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Gambar 7-1 Profits to an Economist Profits to an Accountant Economic Profits Accounting Profits Implicit costs (including a normal profit) Total Revenue Economic (opportunity) Costs Accounting costs (explicit costs only) Explicit Costs 14

Jk Pendek & Jk Panjang Jk Pendek (Short Run) Jk Panjang (Long Run) Fixed Plant Jk Panjang (Long Run) Variable Plant

Bab VII Sektor Bisnis Biaya Ekonomi Produksi Jk Pendek Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang

perubahan total product Produksi Jk Pendek Total Produksi (Total Product) Seluruh kuantitas yg diproduksi Produksi Marjinal (Marginal Product) perubahan total product perubahan input L = Produksi Rata-rata (Average Product) total product Input L =

Produksi Jk Pendek Law of Diminishing Returns marginal product selalu menurun

perubahan total product perubahan labour input Tabel 7-1 units of labour TP MP AP 1 10 2 25 3 45 4 60 5 70 6 75 7 8 perubahan total product perubahan labour input MP=

Tabel 7-1 units of labour TP MP AP 1 10 2 25 3 45 4 60 5 70 6 75 7 8 1 10 2 25 3 45 4 60 5 70 6 75 7 8 10 increasing marginal returns 15 20 diminishing marginal returns 15 10 5 negative marginal returns -5

Table 8-1 units of labour TP MP AP 1 10 2 25 3 45 4 60 5 70 6 75 7 8 1 10 2 25 3 45 4 60 5 70 6 75 7 8 total product total labour input AP = 10 10.00 15 12.50 20 15.00 15 15.00 14.00 12.50 10.71 8.75 10 5 -5

negative marginal returns Figure 8-2 increasing marginal returns diminishing marginal returns TP negative marginal returns AP MP 22

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Fixed Cost Tdk Dipengaruhi Besar Kecil Produksi

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Fixed Cost Total fixed cost

Short-Run Production Costs Fixed Cost Total fixed cost Total fixed cost Average fixed cost = Quantity

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Fixed Cost Total fixed cost Total fixed cost Average fixed cost = Quantity Variable Cost dipengaruhi besar kecil produksi

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Fixed Cost Total fixed cost Total fixed cost Average fixed cost = Quantity Variable Cost Total variable cost

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Fixed Cost Total fixed cost Total fixed cost Average fixed cost = Quantity Variable Cost Total variable cost Total variable cost Average variable cost = Quantity

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Total Cost Total fixed & variable cost

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Total Cost Total fixed & variable cost Total cost Average total cost = Quantity

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Total Cost Total fixed & variable cost Total cost Average total cost = Quantity Marginal Cost

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Total Cost Total fixed & variable cost Total cost Average total cost = Quantity Marginal Cost Change in Total cost Marginal cost = Change in Quantity

Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek Total Fixed Costs = TFC Total Variable Costs = TVC Total Costs = TC Average Fixed Costs = AFC Average Variable Costs = AVC Average Total Costs = ATC Marginal Cost = MC

Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tabel 7-1 Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 34

Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tabel 7-1 Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 35

Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 370 6 450 7 Tabel 7-1 Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 370 6 450 7 540 8 650 9 780 10 930 36

TC=TFC + TVC Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 Tabel 7-1 Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 370 6 450 7 540 8 650 9 780 10 930 100 TC=TFC + TVC 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 37

TFC 38

add vertically to get TC TVC TFC 39

TC TVC TFC 40 .

AFC=TFC / Q Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 Tabel 7-1 Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 370 6 450 7 540 8 650 9 780 10 930 AFC=TFC / Q 100 190 100 270 50 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 33.33 25 20 16.67 14.29 12.50 11.11 10 41

AVC=TVC / Q Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 Tabel 7-1 Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 370 6 450 7 540 8 650 9 780 10 930 AVC=TVC / Q 100 190 100 90 270 50 85 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 33.33 80 25 20 16.67 14.29 12.50 11.11 10 75 74 77.14 81.25 86.67 93 42 ©

ATC=TC / Q Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 Tabel 7-1 Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 370 6 450 7 540 8 650 9 780 10 930 ATC=TC / Q 100 190 100 90 190 270 50 85 135 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 33.33 80 113.33 25 20 16.67 14.29 12.50 11.11 10 75 74 77.14 81.25 86.67 93 100 94 91.67 91.43 93.75 97.78 103 43

Note: MC is graphed at average Q Tabel 7-1 Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 100 1 90 2 170 3 240 4 300 5 370 6 450 7 540 8 650 9 780 10 930 MC=TC / Q MC=TC / Q 100 90 190 100 90 190 80 270 50 85 135 2.5 70 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 33.33 80 113.33 60 70 80 90 110 130 150 25 20 16.67 14.29 12.50 11.11 10 75 74 77.14 81.25 86.67 93 100 94 91.67 91.43 93.75 97.78 103 Note: MC is graphed at average Q 44

AFC continually declines as fixed cost is spread over more & more units 45

AVC is U-shaped: AVC starts to rise when AP starts to fall AFC 46

get ATC by vertically summing AFC & AVC 47

ATC AVC AFC 48 ©

MC cuts ATC & AVC at minimum points AFC 49 ©

Productivity & Cost Curve Relationship, Figure 7-6 Average Product and Marginal Product Quantity of labour Costs (dollars) Quantity of labour 50

Productivity & Cost Curve Relationship, Figure 7-6 Average Product and Marginal Product MP Quantity of labour MC Costs (dollars) Quantity of labour 51

Productivity & Cost Curve Relationship, Figure 7-6 Average Product and Marginal Product AP MP Quantity of labour MC AVC Costs (dollars) Quantity of labour 52

Pergeseran Kurva Biaya Harga resources harga fixed input naik... AFC & ATC naik AVC & MC tdk berubah

MC ATC AVC AFC 54

ATC MC AVC AFC Fixed costs naik $25 55

Pergeseran Kurva Biaya Harga resources harga variable input naik... AVC, ATC & MC naik AFC tdk berubah

MC ATC AVC AFC 57 .

MC ATC AVC AFC Variable costs naik 15% 58

Pergesean Kurva Biaya technology Technology yg semakin baik Biaya turun Kurva Biaya turun Kurve bergeser tergantung apakah teknologi mempengaruhi FC, VC atau keduanya

Topik Bab VII Sektor Bisnis Biaya Ekonomi Produksi Jk Pendek Biaya Produksi jk Pendek Biaya Produksi jk Panjang

Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang ATC-4 ATC-3 ATC-1 ATC-2 ATC-5 Memilih pabrik dari Setiap Level Produksi

Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang ATC-4 ATC-3 ATC-1 ATC-2 ATC-5

Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang LRATC Kurva Jk Panjang

Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang

Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang LRATC kurva LR ATC merupakan amplop dari SR ATC

Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang LRATC

Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang Economies of scale LRATC

Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang Constant returns to scale Economies of scale LRATC

Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang Constant returns to scale Economies of scale Diseconomies of scale LRATC

Skala Ekonomis Dlm Produksi Labour Specialization Managerial Specialization Efficient Capital Other Factors Diseconomies of Scale Constant Returns to Scale

Topik Bab VII Sektor Bisnis Biaya Ekonomi Produksi Jk Pendek Biaya Produksi jk Pendek Biaya Produksi Jk Panjang

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