The Standard of Competency

The Standard of Competency
BACTERIA The Standard of Competency Identifiying Microorganism and its Roles Kompetensi Dasar: Identifiying Bacteria and its Roles

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OBJECTIVE The student are expected to be able to identify bacteria based on structures of body, ways of living, ways of reproduction and understanding the roles of bacteria for the life. Hal.: 2 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

BACTERIA The structures of bacteia Consist of genetic materials ribosome, cell plasm, cell wall, cell membrane and food reserve. Genetic materials are the form of round DNA containing thousands of gene for controlling its activity Ribosome contains protein and RNA A group of ribosome is called polisome or poliribosome DNA consist a set of genetic information. Cell wall are composed by mucopolisakharida and peptidoglikan. Hal.: 3 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Cell membranes composed by fat and protein Flagel is formed by plasma extension and functions as moving organ Capsule is slippery layers consisting of polysacarida. Hal.: 4 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Gambar Struktur tubuh bakteri
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b. Natures of Bacteria Generally no chlorophyll Uniseluler organism The width 0,1 – 0,2 micron, and length 0,5-3 micron Breeding asexually and sexually Being able to live in diverse media. Hal.: 8 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

C. The Forms of Bacteria Generally the forms have 3 types: Circle (cocus) Steak/ cylinder (basil) Spiral (spirilum) Hal.: 9 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

a. Coccus (round) Divided into: Monococus (single) e.g; M. gonorhoe Diplococus e.g; D.pneumoniae Steptococus e.g; S. thermophilus Stafilococcus e.g; Staphylococcus aureus. Sarkina e.g; Sarcina sp Hal.: 10 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

b. Basil (Stem) Is divided into: Monobasil (single steak) e.g; Escherechia coli, Salmonella typhi. Diplobasil (two in each group) e.g; Salmonella typhosa, Renicbacterium salmoninarum Streptobasil (steak chain) e.g; Azotobacter sp. And Bacillus anthracis, Azotobacter sp. Hal.: 11 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

c. Spirilum (spiral or like the letter S)
It is divided into: Comma (vibrio) e.g; Vibrio cholerae Spiroseta (soft and flexible spiral) e.g; Traponema pallidum Spiral (curving more than a half circle) Hal.: 12 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Gambar, bentuk – bentuk bakteri
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KINDS OF BACTERIA Based on ways of living Heterotrophic bacteria (non chlorophyll) Divided into: Parasite bacteria, they get nutrition substances from the nusermaid Saprophyte bacteria, the nutrition materials are taken from the remaining of dead organism Pathogen bacteria, cause diseases to its nursemaid Apathogen bacteria, doesn’t cause disease to the nursemaid. Hal.: 14 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Examples of pathogen bacteria > In human beings, Salmonella thyphosa, Vibrio comma, Clostridium tetani, etc. > In plants, Pseudomanas cattleyae (penyakit pada anggrek), Pseudomonas solanacearum (penyakit pada pisang) > In animals, Bacillus anthraksis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium Hal.: 15 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Autotrophic bacteria They can make their own food by changing anorganic substances into organic ones through 2 processes; Photoautotrof, it changes anorganic substances into organic ones by using light. E.g; Chlorophyl bacteria Kemoautotrof, it uses chemical substances to compose an organic substances to be organic substances. E.g; Nitrosomonas, Nitrosocystis, Nitrospira and Nitrosococcus. Hal.: 16 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

2. Based on the number and location of flagel.
Atrik doesn’t have flagel Monotrik has one flagel situated in one of its ends. Such Amfitrik has 2 flagels in its two ends. Such as Aquaspirillum serpens. Lopotrik has lots of flagel in one of its ends. Such as Pseudomonas tluorescens. Peritrik has lots of flagel in entire body. Such as Salmonella typhosa. Hal.: 17 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Bentuk dan fungsi flagela prokariota Hal.: 18 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Based on the characteristics of cell wall Bacteria of positive gram Structure of its cell wall is simple, composed by peptidoglikan without lipopolisakarida layers. If given gram coloring, its color is purple. The bacteria cause human diseases such as Streptococcus pneumoniae which is the cause of pneumonia. As toxin producer such as Clostridium botulinum which is deadly These bacteria can produce antibiotic such as antibiotic produced by Actinomycetes. These bacteria can be used for making yoghurt, pickles, cheese, and butter. Hal.: 19 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

b. Bacteria of negative gram Mostly it moves with flagela but some move sliding or can not move. Most of the bacteria include in facultative or obligant anaerob of microorganism. Living together with plants and animals. Pathogen of animals and human beings. For medical needs and researches. Hal.: 20 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Metode pewarnaan Gram Untuk membedakan antara dua jenis dinding sel bakteri yang berbeda Metode pewarnaan Gram Untuk membedakan antara dua jenis dinding sel bakteri yang berbeda Bakteri diwarnai dengan zat warna violet dan iodium, dibilas dengan alkohol, dan kemudian diwarnai sekali lagi dengan zat warna merah Bakteri gram positif akan tetap menjerat warna violet, sedangkan bakteri gram negatif selnya menyerap warna merah Hal.: 21 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Rules of Bacteria in Life
Advantageous bacteria Agriculture fields Rhizobium leguminosorum of peanut root plants can tie up free nitrogen. Azotobacter chlorococcum can fertilize soil by tying up nitrogen in the air. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus, produce nitrit to fertilize soil Food industry Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, are used for making yoghurt. Acetobacter xylinum is used to make nata de coco Streptococcus lactis, is used to make cheese. Acetobacter sp, is used to make vinegar. Hal.: 22 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Pharmacy field Streptomyces griceus, produce antibiotics of streptomisi (killing TBC causing bacteria) Sreptomvces aureofaciens, produces antibiotic aureomisin. Sterptomyces olivaceus, produce sianocobalami of vitamin B12 Streptomyces venezuelae, produce antibiotic of kloromisetin. Bacillus brevis, produces antibiotic of tiromisin Pseudomonas denitrificans and Propioni bacterium, produce vitamin B. Hal.: 23 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Gambar Pseudomonas sp. Penghasil vitamin B 2 Gambar .Bakteri Bacillus brevis (antibiotik tiromisin) Hal.: 24 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

4. The making of biogas and decomposer. Escherichia coli, help the process of food rottening in colon of human beings and vitamin K maker. Hal.: 25 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Methanobacterium omelianski and Methanobacterium ruminatum, decompose vinegar acid (CH3COOH) into metana (CH4) and CO2 Clostridium sporangeus, decompose amino acid into amonia. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, decompose carcass and sulfate in wet place and make H2S. Thiobacillus denitrificans, decompose nitrite and make N. Hal.: 26 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

b. Damaging Bacteria Bacteria are called damaging because they cause disease to humans, animals, plants and make toxin. Diseases causing bacteria of human beings. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causing TBC. Mycobacterium leprae, causing lepra. Salmonella typhosa, causing typhoid. Shigella dysentriae, causing dysentri. Diplococcus pneumoniae, causing pneumoniae Treponema pallidum, causing syphilis Meningococcus, causing meninges. Vibrio cholerae, causing cholera. Bacillus anthracis, causing anthrax. Hal.: 27 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Diseases causing bacteria in animals Campylobacterfetus sp, causing abortion of cows, goats. Bacillus antracis, causing anthrax of livestocks. In order to keep health, we should keep environment cleanliness and body cleanliness, do exercises regularly, eat nutritious food and take a rest. Hal.: 28 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Diseases causing bacteria of plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, causing tumour of dicotile plants. Pseudomonas cattleyae, attacks orchid. Pseudomnonas solanacearum, attacks banana. Bacterium papaye, attacks papaya. Hal.: 29 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Toxin causing bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans, producing acid toxin of rotten (bongrek) tempe. Clostridium botulinum, cause botulinurn toxin in damaged canned food. Leuconostoc mesentroides, cause mucused food. Hal.: 30 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

Prevention of Bacteria Attack
It can be done by: Sterilization, washing tools or materials used. It can be wet or dry sterilization. Pasteurization, boiling materials or certain tools at a certain temperature so that useful bacteria can still be alive. Environment sanitation should be maintained. Hal.: 31 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

THANK YOU Terima kasih Hal.: 32 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

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