KEWIRAUSAHAAN dan Etika Bisnis

Presentasi berjudul: "KEWIRAUSAHAAN dan Etika Bisnis"— Transcript presentasi:

1 KEWIRAUSAHAAN dan Etika Bisnis
Manajemen dan Bisnis Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung

2 Business An organisation that provides goods or services to earn profit

3 Profits The difference between a business’s revenues and its expenses
In business profit could be divine into: Tangible : Asset, Money, Factory, etc Intangible : Trust, Image, Goodwill, etc

4 Top 5 pengusaha Indonesia
Keluarga Gudang Garam Keluarga Djarum Keluarga Sampoerna Keluarga Bakrie Group Salim

5 USAHA KECIL BIG SCALE ENTERPRISE
ONE MAN ENTERPRISE D E V L O P M N T FAMILY ENTERPRISE SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISE MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISE BIG SCALE ENTERPRISE

6 AKTIVITAS USAHA KECIL PRODUCT – PRODUCING FIRMS MANUFACTURING MINING
FORESTRY FISHERY AGRICULTURE

7 AKTIVITAS USAHA KECIL 2 B. PRODUCER OF PRODUCT AND SERVICE COMBINATION
WHOLESALE FIRMS RETAIL STORE C. PROVIDER OF SERVICE SERVICE FIRMS FINANCE FIRMS

8 KREATIVITAS SUATU BISNIS BARU
ENTREPRENEUR SESEORANG YANG MEMPUNYAI KREATIVITAS SUATU BISNIS BARU DALAM MENGHADAPI RESIKO DAN KETIDAKPASTIAN YANG BERTUJUAN UNTUK PENCAPAIAN LABA DAN PERTUMBUHAN USAHA BERDASARKAN IDENTIFIKASI PELUANG DAN MENDAYAGUNAKAN SUMBER-SUMBER SERTA MEMODALI PELUANG TERSEBUT

9 CIRI-CIRI ENTREPRENEUR
MEMPUNYAI HASRAT UNTUK SELALU BERTANGGUNG JAWAB BISNIS DAN SOSIAL KOMITMEN TERHADAP TUGAS MEMILIH RESIKO YANG MODERAT MERAHASIAKAN KEMAMPUAN UNTUK SUKSES CEPAT MELIHAT PELUANG

10 CIRI-CIRI ENTREPRENEUR 2
ORIENTASI KE MASA DEPAN SELALU MELIHAT KEMBALI PRESTASI MASA LALU SIKAP HAUS TERHADAP “MONEY” SKILL DALAM ORGANISASI TOLERANSI TERHADAP AMBISI FLEKSIBILITAS TINGGI

11 CIRI-CIRI PERUSAHAAN KECIL
MANAJEMEN BERDIRI SENDIRI MODAL DISEDIAKAN OLEH SEORANG PEMILIK ATAU SEKELOMPOK KECIL DAERAH OPERASINYA LOKAL UKURAN DALAM KESELURUHAN RELATIF KECIL

12 PERBEDAAN DENGAN PERUSAHAAN BESAR
PERUSAHAAN KECIL UMUMNYA DIKELOLA PEMILIK STRUKTUR ORGANISASI SEDERHANA PEMILIK MENGENAL KARYAWAN PROSENTASE KEGAGALAN PERUSAHAAN TINGGI KEKURANGAN MANAJER yang AHLI Modal JANGKA PANJANG SULIT DIPEROLEH PERUSAHAAN BESAR DIKELOLA BUKAN OLEH PEMILIK STRUKTUR ORGANISASI KOMPLEKS PEMILIK MENGENAL SEDIKIT KARYAWAN PROSENTASI KEGAGALAN RENDAH BANYAK AHLI MANAJEMEN MODAL JANGKA PANJANG RELATIF MUDAH DIPEROLEH

13 KEKUATAN PERUSAHAAN KECIL
KEBEBASAN UNTUK BERTINDAK MENYESUAIKAN KEPADA KEBUTUHAN SETEMPAT PERAN SERTA DALAM MELAKUKAN USAHA/TINDAKAN

14 KEKURANGAN PERUSAHAAN KECIL
RELATIF LEMAH DALAM SPESIALISASI MODAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN TERBATAS KARYAWAN RELATIF SULIT UNTUK MENDAPAT YANG CAKAP

15 FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEBERHASILAN USAHA
MENGEMBANGKAN RENCANA PERUSAHAAN KEMAMPUAN MANAJEMEN MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN MODAL

16 UNSUR UTAMA DALAM RENCANA USAHA
A. PROFIL PRIBADI KELAYAKAN KREDI, REFERENSI-REFERENSI RESUME TENTANG PENGALAMAN PERUSAHAAN REFERENSI-REFERENSI PRIBADI

17 UNSUR UTAMA DALAM RENCANA USAHA 2
B. PROFIL PERUSAHAAN SEJARAH PERUSAHAAN ANALISIS PASAR DAN PESAING STRATEGI PERSAINGAN DAN RENCANA OPERASI RENCANA ARUS KAS “CASH FLOW” ANALISA BREAK EVENT

18 UNSUR UTAMA DALAM RENCANA USAHA 3
C. PAKET PINJAMAN JUMLAH YANG DIMINTA JENIS PINJAMAN YANG DIMINTA ALASAN PEMBENARAN KETENTUAN-KETENTUAN DAN JADWAL PEMBAYARAN KEMBALI

19 KEMAMPUAN MANAJEMEN PERSONIL FASILITAS FISIK AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN
PEMBELIAN PENGURUSAN BARANG DAGANGAN PENJUALAN ADVERTENSI RESIKO PENYELENGGARAAN SEHARI-HARI

20 JENIS MODAL MODAL KERJA (WORKING CAPITAL)
MODAL PEMILIK (EQUITY CAPITAL) MODAL SENDIRI MODAL VENTURA

21 SEBAB-SEBAB KEGAGALAN
STRUKTUR MODAL YANG TIDAK MEMADAI PENGGUNAAN METODA DAN PERALATAN YANG SUDAH USANG TIDAK ADANYA PERENCANAAN JANGKA PANJANG KECAKAPAN PRIBADI

22 TANDA-TANDA KEGAGALAN PERUSAHAAN
PENJUALAN MENURUN PERBANDINGAN UTANG SEMAKIN TINGGI BIAYA OPERASI MENINGKAT PENGURANGAN DALAM MODAL KERJA KEUNTUNGAN MENURUN/ KERUGIAN MENINGKAT

23 SOLUSI UNTUK MENGHINDARI KEGAGALAN
MENGURANGI BIAYA OPERASI MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN MENINJAU KEMBALI KERUGIAN KREDIT MENGHINDARI RESIKO MEMERIKSA KEMBALI PERSEDIAAN

24 THE MEANING OF ETHICS Ethics is a set of rules that define right and wrong conduct Business ethics is the application of general ethical rules to business behavior

25 Why Is Business Ethics Important?
The general public expects business to exhibit high levels of ethical performance and social responsibility To prevent harm to society To protect business firms from abuse by unethical employees or unethical competitors

26 Why Ethical Problems Occur in Business?
Personal gain Individual values in conflict with organizational goals Managers’ values and attitudes Competitive Pressures Cross-cultural contradictions

27 Three Methods of Ethical Reasoning
CRITICAL DETERMINING FACTOR AN ACTION IS ETHICAL WHEN… LIMITATIONS Utilitarian Comparing benefits and profits Net benefits exceed net costs Difficult to measure some human and social costs. Majority may disregard rights of minority Rights Respecting rights Basic human rights are respected Difficult to balance conflicting rights Justice Distributing fair shares Benefits and costs are fairly distributed Difficult to measure benefits and costs. Lack of agreement on fair shares

28 Social Responsibility...
an organization’s obligation to maximize its positive impact on stakeholders and to minimize its negative impact includes legal, ethical, economic, and philanthropic (discretionary) dimensions

29 Legal Dimension... refers to obeying governmental laws and regulations
civil law: rights & duties of individuals and organizations criminal law: prohibits specific actions and imposes fines and/or imprisonment as punishment for breaking the law

30 Ethical Dimension... behaviors and activities that are expected or prohibited by organizational members, the community, and society (not codified into law) standards, norms, or expectations that reflect the concern of major stakeholders

31 Economic Responsibilities...
how resources for the production of goods and services are distributed within the social system Do you think consumers favor socially responsible companies or are they most enamored with companies that maximize profits?

32 Foundation principles of corporate social responsibility

33 The pros and cons of corporate social responsibility
Arguments for corporate social responsibility Arguments against corporate social responsibility Balances corporate power with responsibility. Lowers economic efficiency and profit. Discourages government regulation. Imposes unequal costs among competitors. Promotes long-term profits for business. Imposes hidden costs passed on to stakeholders. Responds to changing stakeholders’ demands. Requires social skills business may lack. Corrects social problems caused by business. Places responsibility on business rather than individuals.

34 Two views of corporate social
responsibility The shareholder view The only social responsibility of business is to create shareholder wealth. Corporate management cannot decide what is in the social interest. The costs of social responsibility which do not increase the value of stock, will be passed on to consumers. The multiple stakeholders view All customers and employees are treated with dignity. Relationships with suppliers must be based on mutual trust. Belief in fair economic competition. Business can contribute to social reform and honor human rights.