G D O A S A R O L E G I [TGS7112] 2 SKS teori 1 SKS praktikum

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1 G D O A S A R O L E G I [TGS7112] 2 SKS teori 1 SKS praktikum
Semester 1, O A S A R G O L D E G I 2 SKS teori 1 SKS praktikum [TGS7112] Dr. Hill. Gendoet Hartono Rizki Muhammad M, ST. MT.

2 Pendahuluan Perkenalan Kontrak perkuliahan Metode penilaian
Kelulusan kelas Metode praktikum Saran-saran

3 UTS UAS Atom, Unsur, Mineral Magmatisme, Batuan Beku, Intrusi
Volkanisme, Batuan Piroklastika, Ekstrusi Metamorfisme, Batuan Metamorf/Malihan Sedimentasi, Sedimen, Batuan Sedimen Pelapukan, Tanah Waktu, prinsip geologi UTS Sedimentologi & Stratigrafi Geomorfologi, Hidrologi & Air Tanah Energi Panas Bumi Gempa, Gerakan Tanah & Banjir Geologi Struktur Interior Planet Bumi Tektonik Lempeng UAS Grading: 20 % quizzes and task 30 % mid test 50 % final test

4 Silabus lengkap Dalam kuliah dibahas tentang geologi dasar. Pembahasan atau kajian awal ilmu kebumian, geomorfologi yang mempelajari relief bentuk muka bumi; stratigrafi yang mempelajari lapisan-lapisan batuan; petrologi yang mempelajari batuan; kristalografi & mineralogy yang mempelajari Kristal dan mineral; sedimentologi yang mempelajari sedimentasi; geologi struktur yang mempelajari struktur bumi; geologi tata lingkungan; bencana alam; geologi teknik; citra inderaja/foto udara; gunung api; tektonik dan geologi sejarah.

5 Tujuan perkuliahan Perkuliahan diberikan dengan tujuan memberikan pengetahuan dasar ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari di dalam geologi, perbedaan-perbedaan dan kegunaan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan geologi. Permasalahan khusus memerlukan kajian komprehensif geologi seperti aspek geomorfologi, stratigrafi dan struktur geologi. Perkuliahan juga menjelaskan bagaimana hubungan antara ilmu dasar geologi di antaranya, prinsip geologi dan penerapannya terhadap bidang ilmu kebumian yang lain.

6 Keluaran Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan dasar geologi, bentuk/geomorfologi, materi penyusun, proses terjadinya, dan sejarah geologi. Mahasiswa memiliki kemampuan mengidentifikasi, mengelompokkan dan menjelaskan dasar geologinya, mengetahui proses terkait kondisi geologi, untuk dapat digunakan menyelesaikan permasalahan geologi sederhana - kompleks.

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12 Geology is the study of the things that make up Earth
Geology is the study of the things that make up Earth. Geologists have used geology to find out many things about Earth, such as that it is about 4.6 billion years old.

13 There is a hierarchy to the elements of Geology
Atoms make up elements. Elements combine to form the natural compounds. There is a hierarchy to the elements of Geology Natural compounds and elements combine to form minerals. . Minerals make up rocks. Here the intent is to show how the various pieces; atoms, elements, compounds, and minerals, rocks and even the Earth, are related to each other in a hierarchy. Classroom exercise- Take some road salt (larger pieces of rock salt used to melt ice and snow) and have the students look at them and describe what they see. A magnifying glass is very handy here. Students should note blocky nature made up of various sizes of blocks or cubes. As appropriate, note the differences between 2 dimensional references like square or circle and 3 dimensional references like block, cube and sphere. This will require three samples of rock salt that will be broken to show the physical characteristics of a mineral. With goggles on to protect the eyes, have a student gently tap sample 1 with a metal spoon (or some other relatively heavy blunt object) and observe what happens (salt/halite cleaves or breaks into many smaller blocks or cubes). On a sample 2 use a butter knife placed diagonally on one of the faces of a salt block and gently tap edge of the knife blade. What happens? (results is similar to the spoon maybe fewer small pieces) On sample 3 use a butter knife placed parallel to the sides about in the middle of a piece of salt and gently tap edge of the knife blade. What happens? (Fewer, cleaner breaks / fewer pieces because energy was direct more specifically along the cleavage planes in the rock salt much like a diamond cutter does when the start working on a new diamond). How many crystal faces are there on a cube - how many directions of cleavage are there What is the angular relationships. Examine regular table salt with a hand lens and describe what you see. Grow crystals from salt water or sugar water - have students dissolve the sugar or salt in water - how can they tell when they have added ‘enough?’ When the salt or sugar does not dissolve any more but goes right to the bottom of the glass - what happens with mixture is heat? (supersaturated solution). Try a mixture of salt and sugar to see what happens. What other household materials could be used to grow crystals (alum, Epson salts …). Students should observer the crystal growing experiment daily and record their observations. Have students explain how the terms dissolve, mixture, precipitate and crystal relate to the crystal growing exercise. Another variation is to have students place their crystal growing containers in different locations – sunny window sill, on heat register, in a storage closet and have them discuss what effect the location had on the outcome of their experiment. For even more go to GEOMAN’s Created October 2, 2000, revised September 2001 Rocks make up the Earth.

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15 Atoms and Elements An element is a substance that can not be broken down into others by ordinary chemical reactions An atom is a chemical unit that cannot be broken down by chemical means composed of: Protons (positively charged) Neutrons (zero net charge) Electrons (negatively charged)

16 Atomic Theory proposes that all matter is composed of the atoms of about different chemical elements. It further proposes that chemical compounds are formed by the combination of the atoms of different chemical elements. Here is a good point to help students see the links between chemistry and geology. How many elements are there? Well are we talking just naturally occurring, or naturally occurring and those made readily in the lab, do we include those that are very unstable and do not exist in nature (at least for any length of time) and what about the elements that exist ‘on paper only’ and just who/what is the source that decides into which category an element might be classified? Whatever the count there is an order to the arrangement and each element has its own set of uniquely identifiable properties or characteristics. Reinforce the relationship between atoms, elements and compounds. Created October 2, 2000 Elements can be arranged, based on their identifiable properties, into the Periodic Table

17 Only eight elements make up over 98% of the earth’s crust!
Na Mg Al Si K Ca Fe The impact of the ‘eight great’ elements is seen in the Rock Cycle in Michigan. The Rock Cycle in Michigan Game is can help student see and learn the inter relationships of elements, minerals and rocks, while having a little fun. Students can make up there own game boards, rules, question cards - whatever strikes their fancy and keeps them interested. If your student come up with a variation or whole new game, please send a copy to See ‘element’ and ‘make cards’ components for the Rock Cycle in Michigan Game for more information. Created October 2, 2000 Only eight elements make up over 98% of the earth’s crust!

18 Silicate Minerals

19 Non-silicate Minerals
Carbonates Contain CO3 in their structures (e.g., calcite - CaCO3) Sulfates Contain SO4 in their structures (e.g., gypsum - CaSO4. 2H2O) Sulfides Contain S (but no O) in their structures (e.g., pyrite - FeS2) Oxides Contain O, but not bonded to Si, C or S (e.g., hematite - Fe2O3) Native elements Composed entirely of one element (e.g., diamond - C; gold - Au)

20 What is a Mineral ? A mineral is: -naturally formed, -inorganic substance, -solid, -crystalline, -chemically distinct

21 Examples of Minerals -Minerals have a chemical formula. Halite (NaCl)
-Table salt Olivine (MgSiO4) Gold (Au) -Minerals have a chemical formula.

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23 Rocks v/s Minerals Granite rock type Rock: an aggregate of one or more minerals; in this case there are three minerals present. Feldspar: NaAlSi3O8 - KAlSi3O8 Quartz: SiO2 Biotite: KMg3AlSi3O10(OH)2 - KFe3AlSi3O10(OH)2

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25 See you..soon... See you..soon...

26 N a m a : Hiltrudis Gendoet Hartono
Tempat/Tgl. lahir : Sragen, 9 Agustus 1965 Pendidikan S-1 Sarjana Teknik Geologi, STTNAS Yogyakarta, 1993 S-2 Program Studi Teknik Geologi, FIKTM ITB, 2000 S-3 Program Studi Teknik Geologi, FMIPA UNPAD, 2010 Riwayat Pekerjaan 1993 – sekarang, Staf Pengajar Pada Jurusan Teknik Geologi, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta. 2001 – 2005, Sebagai Sekretaris I, Pengurus Daerah Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta – Jawa Tengah. 2002 – 2005, Sebagai Pemimpin Redaksi Majalah Geologi Indonesia, Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia. 2010 – sekarang, Sebagai Seksi Bidang Riset dan Publikasi, Pengurus Daerah Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta – Jawa Tengah. 2010 – 2015, Sebagai Kepala P3M STTNAS Yogyakarta. 2015 – Sekarang, Sebagai PUKET III. Karya Buku Referensi Petrologi Batuan Beku dan Gunung Api, 2010 Penghargaan yang diperoleh Best Poster In Joint Convention Bali 2007 (HAGI-IAGI-IATMI)