Ordo Homoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera

Presentasi berjudul: "Ordo Homoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera"— Transcript presentasi:

1 Ordo Homoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera
Insecta Ordo Homoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera

2 Hemiptera Ordo ini memiliki anggota yang sangat besar serta sebagian besar anggotanya bertindak sebagai pemakan tumbuhan (baik nimfa maupun imago). Namun beberapa di antaranya ada yang bersifat predator yang mingisap cairan tubuh serangga lain. Umumnya memiliki sayap dua pasang (beberapa spesies ada yang tidak bersayap).

3 Sayap depan menebal pada bagian pangkal (basal) dan pada bagian ujung membranus.
Bentuk sayap tersebut disebut Hemelytra. Sayap belakang membranus dan sedikit lebih pendek daripada sayap depan. Pada bagian kepala dijumpai adanya sepasang antene, mata facet dan occeli.

4 Tipe alat mulut pencucuk pengisap yang terdiri atas moncong (rostum) dan dilengkapi dengan alat pencucuk dan pengisap berupa stylet. Pada ordo Hemiptera, rostum tersebut muncul pada bagian anterior kepala (bagian ujung). Rostum tersebut beruas-ruas memanjang yang membungkus stylet. Pada alat mulut ini terbentuk dua saluran, yakni saluran makanan dan saluran ludah.

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6 Hemiptera (s.o. Heteroptera)
(true bugs; 23K spp.) [front wings half leathery & half membranous; hind wings membranous; usually long antennae; sucking mouthparts arise from front of head]

7 Hemiptera (s.o. Auchenorrhyncha)
(buglike insects: cicadas, leaf, plant & tree hoppers; 33K spp.) [front wings same texture throughout, leathery or membranous (wings often absent); long or bristlelike antennae; sucking mouthparts arise from back of head or between front legs]

8 Hemiptera: Heteroptera: True Bugs

9 Hydrometridae: Water Measurers

10 Gerridae: Water Striders
Halobates, only true marine insect

11 Veliidae: Broad-shouldered Water Striders

12 Notonectidae: Back Swimmers

13 Naucoridae: Creeping Water Bugs

14 Nepidae: Water Scorpions

15 Nepidae continued

16 Belostomatidae: Giant Water Bugs

17 Corixidae: Water Boatmen

18 (dragonflies and damselflies)
Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) [front and hind wings narrow with many cross veins, membranous; aquatic nymphs (naiads) predatory with caudal or rectal gills; antennae bristlelike, no abdominal cerci; chewing mouthparts]

19 ‘Odonto’ refers to strong teeth on mandibles of adults
Aquatic larva -> terrestrial (aerial) adult Highly predaceous larva or adult Usually considered beneficial for the large number of flying insects the adults eat ~11 families and 407 species in NA Hemimetabolous: egg -> nymph (naiad) -> adult Some species are migratory Adults often mate guard by flying in tandem after copulating “Devil’s Darning Needle”; mosquito hawk

20 Suborders Anisoptera and Zygoptera Dragonflies Damselflies

21 Adults

22 Larvae

23 Dragonfly Larvae Family Differences
Aeshnidae Gomphidae Cordulugasteridae

24 Emergence: a dangerous time
Teneral Stage

25 Odonata - General Features
Mating Courtship Oviposition Copulation

26 Odonata - Adult modifications
Modifications for a predatory life Well-developed mandibles Large eyes

27 Odonata - Adult modifications
Modifications for a predatory life -orientation of thoracic segments -changed orientation of legs -spines on legs

28 (butterflies, moths, caterpillars)
Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths, caterpillars) [front and hind wings generally covered with scales; adult mouthparts a sucking tube, larvae have chewing mouthparts and prolegs on abdomen] Cranberry girdler moth Luna moth Red admiral butterfly

29 (butterflies, moths, caterpillars)
Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths, caterpillars) Fiery skipper butterfly – adult, egg, larva & pupa in cocoon

30 Lepidoptera - Distinguishing Characteristics
Scales on the wings

31 Lepidoptera - Distinguishing Characteristics
Coiled proboscis

32 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Butterflies - Nymphalidae (fritillaries)

33 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Butterflies - Danaidae (milkweed butterflies)

34 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Butterflies - Pieridae (cabbage butterflies)

35 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Butterflies - Papillionidae (swallowtails)

36 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Butterflies - Lycaenidae (blues, hairstreaks)

37 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Moths - Tineidae (clothes moths)

38 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Moths - Saturniidae (giant silk moths)

39 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Moths - Arctiidae (tiger moths)

40 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Moths - Sphingidae (hawk moths)

41 Lepidoptera - Some common families
Moths - Noctuidae (loopers)

42 Ordo Homoptera Anggota ordo Homoptera memiliki morfologi yang mirip dengan ordo Hemiptera. Perbedaan pokok antara keduanya antara lain terletak pada morfologi sayap depan dan tempat pemunculan rostumnya. Sayap depan anggota ordo Homoptera memiliki tekstur yang homogen, bisa keras semua atau membranus semua, sedang sayap belakang bersifat membranus. Alat mulut juga bertipe pencucuk pengisap dan rostumnya muncul dari bagian posterior kepala. Alat-alat tambahan baik pada kepala maupun thorax umumnya sama dengan anggota Hemiptera.

43 Wereng coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.)
Kutu loncat lamtoro (Heteropsylla sp.).

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