SPECIAL CHILDREN, SPECIAL NEEDS

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1 SPECIAL CHILDREN, SPECIAL NEEDS

2 What are the characteristics of gifted and creative children?
Traditionally, giftedness was defined by scores on intelligence tests: a score of 130 or greater was the criterion for being gifted. Today, however, definitions of giftedness are broader and include exceptional talent in an assortment of areas, such as art, music, creative writing, and dance (Robinson & Clinkenbeard, 1998; Winner, 2000).

3 Three Term in Scientific literature
Talent Three Term in Scientific literature Giftedness Traits

4 Activity of Human Performence
Giftedness Interest Activity of Human Performence Motivation Creativity

5 William B. Micheel (1960) Bakat adalah kemampuan individu untuk melakukan sesuatu yang sedikit sekali tergantung kepada latihan mengenai hal tersebut. Bakat (aptitude) adalah kemampuan bawaan yang merupakan potensi yang masih perlu dikembangkan atau dilatih untuk mencapai suatu kecakapan, pengetahuan dan keterampilan khusus, Woodworth dan Marquis (1957) Bakat merupakan salah satu dari kemampuan manusia. Dijelaskan di mana kemampuan-kemampuan manusia itu mencakup achievement (actual ability) , capacity dan aptitude.

6 Guiford (1959) Guiford menyatakan bahwa bakat bertalian dengan kecakapan untuk melakukan sesuatu. Selanjutnya Guiford merumuskan bahwa bakat itu mencakup 3 dimensi psikologis, yakni dimensi perseptual, dimensi psikomotorik dan dimensi inteligensi. Crow & Crow dalam bukunya General Psychology Bakat adalah suatu kualitas yang nampak pada tingkah laku manusia pada suatu lapangan keahlian tertentu. Munandir ((2001:15-16) mengatakan, bahwa bakat sering dikatakan merupakan kemampuan yang dibawa sejak lahir, dengan kata lain bersifat keturunan.

7 Hilgard (1991: 57) Interest is persisting tendency to pay attention to end enjoy some activity and content. Interest is a feeling or emotion that causes attention to focus on an object, event, or process. In contemporary psychology of interest, the term is used as a general concept that may encompass other more specific psychological terms, such as curiosity and to a much lesser degree surprise

8 Motivation is the driving force that causes the flux from desire to will in life
Motivation is literally the desire to do things. Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something

9 Components of Motivation
There are three major components to motivation: activation, persistence and intensity. Activation involves the decision to initiate a behavior, such as enrolling in a psychology class. Persistence is the continued effort toward a goal even though obstacles may exist, such as taking more psychology courses in order to earn a degree although it requires a significant investment of time, energy and resources. Finally, intensity can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes into pursuing a goal. For example, one student might coast by without much effort, while another student will study regularly, participate in discussions and take advantage of research opportunities outside of class.

10 What is creativity, and how does it differ from intel ligence
What is creativity, and how does it differ from intel ligence? Intelligence is often associated with convergent thinking, which means using the information provided to determine a standard, correct answer. In contrast, creativity is often linked to divergent thinking, in which the aim is not a single correct answer (often there isn’t one) but instead to think in novel and unusual directions (Callahan, 2000). the ability to make new things or think of new ideas Ability to produce something new through imaginative skill, whether a new solution to a problem, a new method or device, or a new artistic object or form. The term generally refers to a richness of ideas and originality of thinking.

11 pengertian yang umum kita pahami, adalah kelebihan / keunggulan alamiah yang melekat pada diri kita dan menjadi pembeda antara kita dengan orang lain. Kamus Advance, misalnya, mengartikan talent dengan “natural power to do something well.” Dalam kamus Marriam-Webster’s, dikatakan “natural endowments of person.”