` DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Analysis of Potential Leaves of Banana, Teak Leaves, and Taro.

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1 ` DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Analysis of Potential Leaves of Banana, Teak Leaves, and Taro Leaves as Eco- Friendly Packaging Materials Praditya Ariyadi Supervised by Dr. Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho

2 OUTLINE 1 Background 2 Objectives 3 Methodology 4 Expected Result DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

3 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING BACKGROUND The usage of leaves as packaging began to be replaced DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

4 Polyethylene or plastic is a synthetic polymer that can break down into monomers when exposed to heat. Food can be contaminated by carcinogenic monomers (generating cancer cells) DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

5 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Landfill’s buildup

6 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING Banana Leaves Teak Leaves Taro Leaves DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

7 Objectives →To analyze the physical properties of banana leaves, teak leaves and taro leaves →To test the moisture content of banana leaves, teak leaves, and taro leaves →To test the mechanical properties of banana leaves, teak leaves and taro leaves including tensile strength, elongation, oxygen permeability, and water vapor transmission rate DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

8 METHODOLOGY DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Food Processing and Agricultural Product Engineering Laboratory (TPPHP), Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biosystems, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java. March – May 2019 Place and Date

9 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Banana LeavesTeak LeavesTaro Leaves Materials

10 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Micrometer screw Tensile strength tester Analytical balances Cabinet dryer Speedivac 2 Bergerlahr Tools

11 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING Procedure Kac 0 Kca 1 Kca 2 End Start Natural dried leaves Fresh leaves Measurements of moisture content Withering with drying Measurements of moisture content Measurements of moisture content Preliminary research Kac 0 : reference moisture content of fresh leaves Kca 1 : reference moisture content of withered leaves Kca 2 : reference moisture content of natural dried leaves

12 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING Procedure Preliminary research Ka 0 : sample moisture content of fresh leaves Ka 1 to Ka 12 : sample moisture content of withered/dried leaves Ka 0 Start Fresh leaves Measurements of moisture content Measurement of moisture content every 30 minutes, t = 6 hours Ka 1, Ka 2, Ka 3­­,..., Ka 12 End

13 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING Procedure Main research Start Fresh leaves Withering / drying in the dryer cabinet, Measurements of moisture content End Analysis of physical properties Analysis of mechanical properties Ka : sample moisture content of leaves Kac : reference moisture content of leaves Yes No

14 Data Analysis DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING

15 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING Oxygen Transmission Rate Manometer Method (ASTM D3985-81, 1989)

16 m = weight gain per unit sample area (mg/cm 2 ) t = time between two intersections (hours) DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING Water Vapor Transmission Rate Method Cup (ASTM E96, 1983)

17 DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING Moisture content, physical properties, and mechanical properties of banana leaves, teak leaves, and taro leaves Recommendations the usage of leaves as eco-friendly packaging EXPECTED RESULTS

18 THANK YOU Hopefully this presentation can be well received MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DEPARTEMENT OF MECHANICAL AND BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING DIVISION OF BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING