3.1 © 2007 by Prentice Hall OVERVIEW Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy.

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1 3.1 © 2007 by Prentice Hall OVERVIEW Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

2 3.2 © 2007 by Prentice Hall LEARNING OBJECTIVES Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Mengenali dan menggambarkan fitur-fitur penting dari organisasi Mengevaluasi dampak dari sistem informasi pada organisasi Menunjukkan bagaimana Five Forces membantu bisnis memanfaatkan sistem informasi Menunjukkan bagaimana sistem informasi membentuk sinergi dalam bisnis Mengatasi tantangan yang diciptakan sistem informasi

3 3.3 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Masalah Bisnis Manajemen Organisasi Teknologi Sistem Informasi Solusi Bisnis

4 3.4 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Organisasi dan SI Saling mempengaruhi Faktor-faktor yang berperan: –Lingkungan –Budaya –Struktur –Proses Bisnis –Politik –Keputusan manajemn

5 3.5 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Organizations and Information Systems Apa sebenarnya organisasi itu? Struktur yang stabil dan formal, menggunakan Sumber Daya dan memprosesnya untuk menghasilkan output tertentu Struktur sosial karena kumpulan dari elemen sosial Gambaran organisasi harus sederhana namun kuat Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

6 3.6 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Input Organisasi Proses Produksi Output

7 3.7 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Ciri-ciri Organisasi Terdapat rutinitas dan proses bisnis Terdapat politik Budaya organisasi Lingkungan organisasi Struktur organisasi Memiliki tujuan

8 3.8 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Hubungan antara Organisasi dan IT Figure 3-1 This complex two-way relationship is mediated by many factors, not the least of which are the decisions made—or not made—by managers. Other factors mediating the relationship include the organizational culture, structure, politics, business processes, and environment. Organizations and Information Systems Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

9 3.9 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Budaya: kekuatan yang mengikat siapa yang terlibat dalam organisasi Proses Bisnis: kegiatan dalam perusahaan yang menunjukkan cara mereka berinteraksi dengan customer Politik:Dalam organisasi ada persaingan, pesaingan melahirkan politik dalam organisasi Keputusan Manajemen: cara manajemen mengambil keputusan Hubungan antara Organisasi dan IT

10 3.10 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Dampak Ekonomi: membantu menurunkan biaya Dampak terhadap organisasi: membantu meratakan organisasi Membantu proses desentralisasi karena pengetahuan dan informasi lebih tersebar Dengan adanya internet, organisasi mampu mengoptimalkan kinerjanya Pengaruh SI terhadap Organisasi dan Perusahaan

11 3.11 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Pengaruh Sistem Informasi ke Struktur Organisasi Figure 3-8 Information systems can reduce the number of levels in an organization by providing managers with information to supervise larger numbers of workers and by giving lower- level employees more decision- making authority. Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

12 3.12 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Traditional competitors New market entrants Substitute products and services Customers Suppliers Porter’s Competitive Forces Model Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

13 3.13 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Porter’s Competitive Forces Model In Porter’s competitive forces model, the strategic position of the firm and its strategies are determined not only by competition with its traditional direct competitors but also by four forces in the industry’s environment: new market entrants, substitute products, customers, and suppliers. Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

14 3.14 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Low-cost leadership Product differentiation Focus on market niche Strengthen customer and supplier intimacy Berdasar Five Forces Model, perusahaan mampu menentukan fokusnya Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Dengan menentukan fokus maka perusahaan mampu membangun keunggulan kompetitif

15 3.15 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Setelah mengetahui keunggulan kompetitive maka perusahaan dapat memilih sistem yang memberi nilai tambah Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

16 3.16 © 2007 by Prentice Hall The Value Web The value web is a networked system that can synchronize the value chains of business partners within an industry to respond rapidly to changes in supply and demand. Management Information Systems Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage

17 3.17 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Value Chain Nilai tambah dengan adanya value chain: –Meningkatkan pengambilan keputusan –Meningkatkan kinerja organisasai –Meningkatkan profit perusahaan

18 3.18 © 2007 by Prentice Hall Kesimpulan Menggunakan SI untuk menyelesaikan masalah organisasi, membantu membangun keunggulan strategik. Penerapan SI mengubah organisasi sehingga menimbulkan masalah baru Bila mampu mengatasi maka memunculkan keunggulan kompetitif