DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN Vs. SAMPAH Oleh: PM PSLP PPSUB Soemarno, 2011.

Presentasi berjudul: "DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN Vs. SAMPAH Oleh: PM PSLP PPSUB Soemarno, 2011."— Transcript presentasi:

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2 DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN Vs. SAMPAH Oleh: PM PSLP PPSUB Soemarno, 2011

3 PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT SAMPAH KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN/ MASYARAKAT KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN FISIKO-KIMIA KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN BIOLOGI

4 SAMPAH = BAHAN YANG TIDAK BERGUNA SAMPAH = SUMBERDAYA EKONOMI BUANGLAH SAMPAH PADA TEMPATNYA KUMPULKAN SAMPAH PADA TEMPATNYA

5 PENCEMARAN UDARA AKIBAT SAMPAH BAU BUSUK ASAP, BIO-GAS - BERBAHAYA 1. Tetra kloro etilen & kloroform : Feto-toksik 2. Benzene & Metil-etil-keton: Embrio-toksik 3. Metilen-klorida, Kloro-benzene: Perkembangan janin 4. CH4 ------ CO2 ------ H2CO3 NH3 ------ NH4NO3 Hujan Asam H2S ------ H2SO4 5. Bau Busuk sampah: Dampak emosional masyarakat 1. Tetra kloro etilen & kloroform : Feto-toksik 2. Benzene & Metil-etil-keton: Embrio-toksik 3. Metilen-klorida, Kloro-benzene: Perkembangan janin 4. CH4 ------ CO2 ------ H2CO3 NH3 ------ NH4NO3 Hujan Asam H2S ------ H2SO4 5. Bau Busuk sampah: Dampak emosional masyarakat

6 Kurva fungsional O & V Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Visual Quality Heavy Moderate Clear pollution KUALITAS UDARA: ODOR & VISUAL sampah Pleasant odor Lacking odor disagreeable

7 Kurva fungsional (Microscale) Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 100 200 300 400 Rataan 24 jam (  g/m 3 ) KUALITAS UDARA: PARTIKULAT sampah

8 Kurva fungsional (Microscale) Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Rataan 3 jam (06.00 - 09.00), ppm KUALITAS UDARA : HIDROKARBON sampah

9 Kurva fungsional (Microscale) Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 10 20 30 40 50 Konsentrasi 1 jam, ppm KUALITAS UDARA : CARBON MONOKSIDA sampah

10 Kurva fungsional (Microscale) Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.05 0.10 0.15 Annual average, ppm KUALITAS UDARA : OKSIDA NITROGEN sampah

11 SAMPAH DEKOMPOSISI LINDI (LEACHATE) MENYUMBAT SALURAN AIR BOD - COD NITROGEN FOSFAT PENCEMARAN AIR BANJIR

12 SIKLUS KARBON CO2 UDARA C AnorganikC Fitoplankton C-organik soluble (Detritus) C Zooplankton C Sedimen C-organik suspend. (Detritus) SAMPAH

13 KISARAN DO DALAM AIR NORMAL: 7.1 - 14.6 ppm Kurva fungsional DO Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2 4 6 8 ppm DO 9 ppm : jenuh Sampah

14 Kurva fungsional BOD Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 ppm BOD wadu k KUALITAS AIR: BOD Sungai Sampah

15 Kurva fungsional Kadar N-anorganik Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1 2 4 6 8 10 ppm N KUALITAS AIR: N- ANORGANIK Sampah

16 SIKLUS P DALAM PERAIRAN Jaringa n tanama n Jaringa n binatan g DIP P- anorganik larut Batua n fosfat SEDIMEN Jaringa n Bakteri POP & DOP particulate & dissolved SAMPAH

17 Kurva fungsional Kadar P-anorganik Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 ppm P KUALITAS AIR: FOSFAT- ANORGANIK sampah

18 Kurva fungsional TURBIDITAS Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Satuan Turbiditas Jackson KUALITAS AIR: TURBIDITAS sampah

19 Kurva fungsional Coliform Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 MPN/100 ml KUALITAS AIR: COLIFORM sampah

20 Kurva fungsional Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 None Light Moderate Heavy Floating material KUALITAS AIR: ODOR & FLOATING MATERIAL sampah Lacking odor Noticeable Disagreeable

21 Kurva fungsional Indeks Kualitas 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Static Slow Moderate Whitewater Flow characteristics KUALITAS ESTETIKA AIR: Water appearance sampah Moderate turbid Clear Turbid

22 GANGGUAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN SAMPAH TIKUS LALAT, NYAMUK KECOAK CACING MIKROBA VEKTOR / PATOGEN ----- GANGGUAN PENYAKIT

23 DAUR ULANG SAMPAH ANORGANIK Kertas, kardus, karet, plastik, gelas, logam, dll BERNILAI EKONOMI Bahan baku proses produksi Produk X PRODUK X Bahan baku Proses produksi Produk Y PRODUK Y

24 SAMPAH ORGANIK PENGOLAHAN PENGOMPOSAN KOMPOSPAKAN TERNAK

25 MENGURANGI SUMBER SAMPAH RECYCLING USE & REUSE REKLAMASI PRODUCT CHANGE SOURCE CONTROL INPUT MATERIAL CHANGE GOOD OPERATING PRACTICES TECHNOLOGY CHANGE

26 PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH adalah pengumpulan, pengangkutan, pemrosesan, pendaur-ulangan, atau pembuangan dari material sampah. Pengertian ini biasanya mengacu pada material sampah yg dihasilkan dari kegiatan manusia, dan biasanya dikelola untuk mengurangi dampaknya terhadap kesehatan, lingkungan atau keindahan. Pengelolaan sampah juga dilakukan untuk memulihkan sumber daya alam. Pengelolaan sampah bisa melibatkan zat padat, cair, gas, atau radioaktif dengan metoda dan keahlian khusus untuk masing masing jenis zat.

27 Sumber: http://duniarumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/apa-itu-pengolahan-sampah.html

28 Hierarchy of Waste Management http://www.envirocentre.ie/Content.aspx?ID=96448806- bc07-4f5a-9e67-cb684d985609&PID=518accea-eec4- 4cdf-b034-78ce58eacb4d The EU concept of a waste management hierarchy, whereby waste prevention and re-use are viewed as the most desirable options for managing wastes with the least desirable option considered being landfill. The overall intent of these policy statements is to move Irish waste management away from landfill into those options that feature in the upper echelons of the hierarchy.

29 DOMESTIC WASTES AND WATER POLLUTION Domestic waste is classified as a point source of pollution, because the wastewater from homes and commercial establishments is often directly emitted into bodies of water. Domestic waste can vary from cleaning products, to household things used by regular people. These pollutants can pose a high risk on a large scale. When these domestic liter is mixed in with the clean environment, the pollution and our water can be combined into a very deadly mix. http://t3-1contaminant.blogspot.com/2010/03/introduction-water-is-essential-to-our.html

30 Effects of water pollution are the death of marine organisms in rivers and oceans (this may be due to lack of oxygen, destruction of habitat, not enough food, lack of sunlight, etc.). When our waters are polluted, this can threaten our living. Many diseases will come with drinking unpure- water or swimming in toxic water. Such health problems may be blood disease, heart disease, nervous system disorders, diarrhea, skin lesions, and vomiting in humans. DOMESTIC WASTES AND WATER POLLUTION http://t3-1contaminant.blogspot.com/2010/03/introduction-water-is-essential-to-our.html

31 Eutrophication occurs when large quantities of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates enter an aquatic environment. Sources of these nutrients include animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and sewage. The ecosystem quickly experiences an increase in photosynthetic and blue-green algae, as these organisms thrive in the presence of the added nutrients. An algae bloom occurs as the algae accumulates into dense, visible patches near the surface of the water, prohibiting light from penetrating deeper areas of lake or stream. Some fish are unable to survive without this light, but for them an even more serious problem arises when the algae begin to die. http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01590/pollution/eutrophication.html

32 CONTROLLING EUTROPHICATION The following is a list of methods that can be used to control eutrophication: 1.planting vegetation along streambeds to slow erosion and absorb nutrients 2.controlling application amount and timing of fertilizer 3.controlling runoff from feedlots 4.researching use of biological controls; for example, the process of denitrification uses specialized bacteria that convert nitrates to harmless molecular nitrogen

33 SEKIAN DULU, TERIMA KASIH ATAS PERHATIANNYA SEMOGA BERMANFAAT WASSALAM !