Persaingan Sempurna Bab VIII P = MC.

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1 Persaingan Sempurna Bab VIII P = MC

2 Dlm Bab Ini Akan Dipelajari
4 Struktur Pasar dan Bagaimana Persaingannya 4 Kondisi Dlm Pasar Persaingan Sempurna Keuntungan Maksimum Dlm Pasar Persaingan Sempurna

3 Dlm Bab Ini Akan Dipelajari
Marginal cost dan kurva penawaran Keuntungan maksimum dlm Jk Panjang

4 Topik Bab VIII Model/Struktur Pasar Persaingan Sempurna: Karakteristik
Permintaan Keuntungan Maksimum Dlm Jk Pendek MC dan Kurva Supply Keuntungan Maksimum Dlm Jk Panjang Per.Sempurna dan Efisiensi

5 Model/Struktur Pasar Persaingan Sempurna Struktur pasar

6 Model/Struktur Pasar Monopoli Pers.Sempurna Struktur Pasar

7 Model/Struktur Pasar Persaingan Monopolistik Struktur Pasar
Pers.sempurna Pers.monopolistik monopoli Struktur Pasar

8 Model/Struktur Pasar Oligopoly Struktur Pasar Pers.sempurna
Pers.monopolistik monopoli Struktur Pasar

9 Model/Struktur Pasar Struktur Pasar Oligopoly Pers.sempurna
Pers.monopolistik monopoli Oligopoly Struktur Pasar

10 Bab VIII Model/Struktur Pasar Persaingan Sempurna: Karakteristik
Permintaan Keuntungan Maksimum Dlm Jk Pendek MC dan Kurva Supply Keuntungan Maksimum Dlm Jk Panjang Per.Sempurna dan Efisiensi

11 Karakteristik Sangat Banyak Penjual Produk Standar
Pers.Sempurna Sangat Banyak Penjual Produk Standar Pengambil Harga (Price Taker) Free Entry and Exit Pure Competition Monopolistic Competition Pure Monopoly Oligopoly Struktur Pasar

12 Topik Bab VIII Model/Struktur Pasar Persaingan Sempurna: Karakteristik
Permintaan Keuntungan Maksimum Dlm Jk Pendek MC dan Kurva Supply Keuntungan Maksimum Dlm Jk Panjang Per.Sempurna dan Efisiensi

13 Perus. Dpt Menjual Sesuai dgn Harga
Demand Penjual Perfectly Elastic Demand p industry p1 p q D firm p1 S D D Q Perus. Dpt Menjual Sesuai dgn Harga Tertentu

14 Persaingan Sempurna Marginal Revenue = price Average Revenue = price
Total Revenue = price X quantity Illustrasi....

15 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue
Tabel 8-1 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue Marginal revenue $131 $ 0 ] 15 .

16 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue
Tabel 8-1 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue Marginal revenue $131 131 1 $ 0 131 ] $131 16

17 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue
Tabel 8-1 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue Marginal revenue $131 131 1 2 $ 0 131 262 ] $131 131 ] 17

18 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue
Tabel 8-1 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue Marginal revenue $131 131 1 2 3 $ 0 131 262 393 ] $131 131 ] ] 18

19 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue
Tabel 8-1 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue Marginal revenue $131 131 1 2 3 4 $ 0 131 262 393 524 ] $131 131 ] ] ] 19

20 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue
Tabel 8-1 Product price (average revenue) Quantity demanded (sold) Total revenue Marginal revenue $131 131 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 0 131 262 393 524 655 786 917 1048 1179 1310 ] $131 131 ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20

21 Topik Bab VIII Struktur Pasar Persaingan Sempurna: Karakterisistik
Permintaan Keuntungan Maksimum Jk.Pendek Biaya Marjinal dan Suplai Jk.Pendek Keuntungan Maksimum Jk.Panjang Pers.Sempurna dan Efisiensi

22 Keuntungan Maksimum Jk.Pendek Pertanyaan Penting
Apakah akan Berproduksi? Berapa besar yg akan diproduksi? Apakah untung atau rugi? Perusahaan akan menghadapi 1. Untung (atau) 2- Rugi kurang dari fixed costnya

23 Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach
Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Total product Total cost 23

24 Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach
Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Total product Total cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 24

25 Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach
Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Total product Total cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 25

26 Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach
Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Total product Total cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 26

27 Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach
Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Total product Total cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 27

28 Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach Price: $131
Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price: $131 Total product Total cost Total revenue Profit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 $ 0 131 262 393 524 655 786 917 1048 1179 1310 28

29 Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach Price: $131
Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price: $131 Total product Total cost Total revenue Profit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 $ 0 131 262 393 524 655 786 917 1048 1179 1310 - $100 - 59 - 8 + 53 + 124 + 185 + 236 + 277 + 298 + 299 + 280 29

30 Berapa profit maksimumnya?
Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price: $131 Total product Total cost Total revenue Profit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 $ 0 131 262 393 524 655 786 917 1048 1179 1310 - $100 - 59 - 8 + 53 + 124 + 185 + 236 + 277 + 298 + 299 + 280 Berapa profit maksimumnya? 30

31 Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach Price: $131
Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price: $131 Total product Total cost Total revenue Profit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 $ 0 131 262 393 524 655 786 917 1048 1179 1310 - $100 - 59 - 8 + 53 + 124 + 185 + 236 + 277 + 298 + 299 + 280 31

32 Grafik.... Total Revenue-Total Cost Approach Price: $131 Total fixed
Table 9 - 3 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price: $131 Total product Total cost Total revenue Grafik.... Profit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 $ 0 131 262 393 524 655 786 917 1048 1179 1310 - $100 - 59 - 8 + 53 + 124 + 185 + 236 + 277 + 298 + 299 + 280 32

33 Maximum economic profit $299
Figure 9-2 Break-even point Maximum economic profit $299 TR TR TC Break-even point (normal profit) 33

34 Total Revenue -Total Cost Approach
profit = TR - TC grapik: profit maksimum selisih TR & TC yg terbesar breakeven point dimana TR = TC

35 Bagaimanajika perusahaan berprod. 1 unit?
Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost Approach Table 9 - 4 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price = Marginal revenue Total product Total cost Marginal cost Bagaimanajika perusahaan berprod. 1 unit? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 90 80 70 60 110 130 150 ] $ 131 131 35

36 Bagaimana unit yg kedua?
Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost Approach Table 9 - 4 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price = Marginal revenue Total product Total cost Marginal cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 90 80 70 60 110 130 150 ] $ 131 131 Bagaimana unit yg kedua? 36 .

37 Bagaimana unit yg ke 9? Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost Approach Total
Table 9 - 4 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price = Marginal revenue Total product Total cost Marginal cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 90 80 70 60 110 130 150 ] $ 131 131 Bagaimana unit yg ke 9? 37

38 Bagaiman unit yg ke 10? Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost Approach Total
Table 9 - 4 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price = Marginal revenue Total product Total cost Marginal cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 90 80 70 60 110 130 150 ] $ 131 131 Bagaiman unit yg ke 10? 38

39 9 unit adalah profit max Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost Approach Total
Table 9 - 4 Total fixed cost Total variable cost Price = Marginal revenue Total product Total cost Marginal cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 90 80 70 60 110 130 150 ] $ 131 131 9 unit adalah profit max 39

40 Keuntungan Max Jk Pendek
Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost Approach MR > MC  + produksi MR < MC  - produce MR = MC  Profit Max

41 Keuntungan Max. Jk.Pendek
Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost Approach MR = MC Rule Utk seluruh struktur pasar dlm psr.persaingan sempurna: p = MR jadi MR = MC  p = MC

42 Grafik.... TC=880 TR =9 X 131 =1179 Profit =1179-880 =299
Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost Approach Table 9 - 4 Total fixed cost Total variable cost TC=880 TR =9 X 131 =1179 Profit = =299 Price = Marginal revenue Total product Total cost Marginal cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ 100 100 Grafik.... $ 0 90 170 240 300 370 450 540 650 780 930 $ 100 190 270 340 400 470 550 640 750 880 1030 90 80 70 60 110 130 150 ] $ 131 131 42

43 MC 131 9 ATC MR = MC Solusi Optimum AVC AFC 43

44 MC 131 ATC 97.78 AVC lihat ATC AFC 9 44

45 MC 131 Profit = 9 X ( ) = 299 ATC 97.78 AVC AFC 9 45

46 Marginal Cost Approach....
Marginal Revenue - Marginal Cost Approach.... Kerugian (loss) Jk.Pendek

47 Marginal Cost Approach....
Marginal Revenue - Marginal Cost Approach.... Loss Minimum Jk.Pendek Jika harga dari $131 ke $81

48 Marginal Cost Approach....
Marginal Revenue - Marginal Cost Approach.... Loss minimum Jk.Pendek Jika harga dari $131 ke $81 Titik MR = MC berubah....

49 Apakah perusahaan akan Menurunkan produksinya?
Jika rugi, Apakah perusahaan akan Menurunkan produksinya? MC Loss = 6 X ( ) = < TFC ATC 91.67 81 AVC AFC 49

50 Marginal Cost Approach....
Marginal Revenue - Marginal Cost Approach.... Loss Minimum Jk.Pendek Jika harga jatuh di bawah $71… Titik MR = MC berubah kembali....

51 Ketika harga di bawah AVC, perusahaan tutup MC ATC AVC AFC 51 71
94 Loss = 5 X ( ) = -115>TFC AVC 71 AFC Ketika harga di bawah AVC, perusahaan tutup 51

52 Topik Bab 9 Struktur Pasar Persaingan Sempurna: Karakterisitik
Permintaan Keuntungan Max Jk.Pendek Marginal Cost dan Supply Jk.Pendek Keuntungan Max Jk.Panjang Persaingan Sempurna dan Efisiensi

53 Short-Run Supply P ATC MC
Figure 9-6 P ATC MC Costs and revenues AVC Pd setiap harga, titik MR = MC mengindikasikan kuantitas akan diproduksikan.... Q 53

54 Short-Run Supply P ATC MC MR3 Q AVC Figure 9-6 Costs and revenues P3
Kuantitas akan disupply pd Setiap harga Q 54

55 Short-Run Supply P ATC MC MR3 MR2 Q AVC Figure 9-6 Costs and revenues
55

56 Short-Run Supply P ATC MC MR4 MR3 MR2 Q AVC Figure 9-6
Costs and revenues P4 MR4 AVC P3 MR3 P2 MR2 Q Q2 Q3 Q4 56

57 Short-Run Supply P ATC MC MR5 MR4 MR3 MR2 Q AVC Figure 9-6
Costs and revenues P5 MR5 P4 MR4 AVC P3 MR3 P2 MR2 Q Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 57

58 Perusahaan tidak akan berproduksi di bawah P2
Short-Run Supply Figure 9-6 P ATC MC Costs and revenues P5 MR5 P4 MR4 AVC P3 MR3 P2 MR2 P1 MR1 Perusahaan tidak akan berproduksi di bawah P2 Q Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 58

59 Kurva marginal cost pd titik di atas AVC menunjukkan kurva Supply
Short-Run Supply Figure 9-6 P ATC MC Costs and revenues Kurva marginal cost pd titik di atas AVC menunjukkan kurva Supply Jk pendek P5 MR5 P4 MR4 AVC P3 MR3 P2 MR2 P1 MR1 Q Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 59

60 Short-Run Supply P ATC MC MR5 MR4 MR3 MR2 MR1 Q AVC Figure 9-6 Kurva
Supply jk pendek (biru) ATC MC Costs and revenues P5 MR5 P4 MR4 AVC P3 MR3 P2 MR2 P1 MR1 Q Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 60

61 Short-Run Supply P MC1 Q AVC1 Jika biaya naik.... Kurva supply
Bergeser MC1 AVC1 Q 61

62 Short-Run Supply P MC2 MC1 Q AVC2 AVC1 Jika biaya naik....
Kurva supply Bergeser ke sebelah kiri MC1 AVC2 AVC1 Q 62

63 Short-Run Supply P MC1 MC2 Q AVC1 AVC2 Jika biaya turun....
Kurva supply Bergeser ke sebelah kanan MC1 MC2 AVC1 AVC2 Q 63

64 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Pendek P P Total Industry Demand D
Figure 9 - 7 P P Total Industry Demand D Q Q Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 64

65 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Pendek S=MCs P P MC D Q Q
Figure 9 - 7 S=MCs P P MC $111 8000 D Q Q Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 65

66 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Pendek The firm “takes” S=MCs
Figure 9 - 7 The firm “takes” the Industry Price S=MCs P P ATC MC $111 AVC D Q Q 8000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 66

67 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Pendek 1000 firms S=MCs P P ATC
Figure 9 - 7 S=MCs P P ATC MC D $111 $111 AVC D Q Q 8 8000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 1000 firms 67

68 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Pendek S=MCs P P Economic Profit
Figure 9 - 7 S=MCs P P Economic Profit ATC MC D $111 $111 AVC D Q Q 8 8000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 68

69 Bagaimana Jk Panjang? Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Pendek
Figure 9 - 7 S=MCs P P Bagaimana Jk Panjang? ATC MC D $111 $111 AVC D Q Q 8 8000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 69

70 Topik Bab 9 Struktur Pasar Pers.Sempurna: Karakterisitik Permintaan
Keuntungan Max. Dlm Jk.Pendek Marginal Cost Supply Jk.Pendek Keuntungan Max. Jk.Panjang Pers.Sempurna dan Efisiensi

71 Profit Max Dlm Jk.Panjang
Asumsi: Perusahaan keluar masuk pasar Biaya identik (sama) Industri biaya konstan

72 Persaingan Sempurna Dlm Jk.Pendek, perusahaan memperoleh:
impas untung (profit) Rugi (loss) Dlm Jk Panjang, perusahaan hanya akan memperoleh impas (zero profit)

73 Dlm Jk. Panjang... Harga = Minimum ATC Keuntungan = 0 Illustrasi....
Keuntungan Max. Jk.Panjang Dlm Jk. Panjang... Harga = Minimum ATC Keuntungan = 0 Illustrasi....

74 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Panjang
Figure 9 - 8 Apa yg Terjadi jika D naik.... P P S1 MC ATC $60 $50 $40 $60 $50 $40 MR D1 Q Q 100 100,000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 1000 firms 74

75 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Panjang
Figure 9 - 8 Keuntungan Pd harga yg lebih tinggi.... P P D2 S1 MC ATC $60 $50 $40 $60 $50 $40 MR D1 Q Q 100 100,000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 1000 firms 75

76 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Panjang
Figure 9 - 8 .…perus baru masuk, S naik, p turun.... P P S1 MC S2 ATC $60 $50 $40 $60 $50 $40 MR D2 D1 Q Q 100 100,000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 76

77 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Panjang
Figure 9 - 8 ... Keseimbangan baru dgn banyak perus P P S1 MC S2 ATC $60 $50 $40 $60 $50 $40 MR D2 D1 Q Q 100 100,000 110,000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 1100 firms vs 1000 firms 77

78 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Panjang
Figure 9 - 9 Apa yg terjadi jika demand turun.... P P S1 MC ATC $60 $50 $40 $60 $50 $40 MR D1 Q Q 100 100,000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 1000 firms 78

79 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Panjang
Figure 9 - 9 Jk Pendek hilang pd harga yg lebih rendah.... P P S1 MC D2 ATC $60 $50 $40 $60 $50 $40 MR D1 Q Q 100 100,000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 1000 firms 79 .

80 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Panjang
Figure 9 - 9 .…bbrp perus keluar, S turun, p naik.... S3 P P S1 MC ATC $60 $50 $40 $60 $50 $40 MR 90,000 D1 D2 Q Q 100 100,000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 900 firms 80

81 Perusahaan Industri Keseimbangan Jk.Panjang
Figure 9 - 9 ... Keseimbangan baru dgn sedikit perus S3 P P S1 MC ATC $60 $50 $40 $60 $50 $40 MR D1 D2 Q Q 100 90,000 100,000 Perusahaan (price taker) Industri 900 firms vs 1000 firms 81

82 Keseimbangan Jk.Panjang
Jk harga > min ATC Perusahaan baru, masuk S naik, harga turun ke min ATC Jk harga < min ATC Perusahaan keluar S turun, harga naik kr min ATC jadi, dlm jk panjang, p=min ATC

83 Constant Cost Industry
Supply Jk.Panjang Constant Cost Industry menyebabkan Supply Elastis Sempurna Grafik....

84 Long-Run Constant-Cost Industry
Figure Long-Run Constant-Cost Industry P S1 P=$50 D1 Q Q1 84

85 Long-Run Constant-Cost Industry
Figure Long-Run Constant-Cost Industry Permintaan naik P S1 D2 P>$50 P=$50 D1 Q Q1 85

86 Long-Run Constant-Cost Industry
Figure Long-Run Constant-Cost Industry Perus baru, masuk P S1 S1 S2 Q2 P=$50 D1 D2 Q Q1 86

87 Harga sama dlm jk panjang
Figure Long-Run Constant-Cost Industry P S1 S2 long-run S P=$50 D1 D2 Harga sama dlm jk panjang Q Q1 Q2 87

88 Bagaimana dgn industri
Figure Long-Run Constant-Cost Industry P Bagaimana dgn industri Increasing Cost? S1 S2 P=$50 S D1 D2 Q Q1 Q2 88

89 Long-Run Increasing-Cost Industry
Figure Long-Run Increasing-Cost Industry P Permintaan naik D2 P>>$50 S1 P=$50 D1 Q Q1 89

90 Kurva biaya bergeser ke atas, harga masih lebih besar dari $50
Figure Long-Run Increasing-Cost Industry S2 Q2 P>$50 P S1 Perusahaan baru, masuk P=$50 D2 D1 Kurva biaya bergeser ke atas, harga masih lebih besar dari $50 Q Q1 90

91 Dlm Jk.panjang , supply berpindah ke harga yg lebih tinggi
Figure Long-Run Increasing-Cost Industry P S2 long-run S S1 P=$50 D2 D1 Dlm Jk.panjang , supply berpindah ke harga yg lebih tinggi Q Q1 Q2 91

92 Decreasing Cost Industri?
Figure Long-Run Increasing-Cost Industry P S2 Bagaimana dgn Decreasing Cost Industri? S1 S P=$50 S D2 D1 Q Q1 Q2 92

93 Long-run Decreasing-Cost Industry
Permintaan naik P S1 D2 P>$50 P=$50 D1 Q Q1 93

94 Kurva biaya bergeser ke bawah, harga di bawah $50
Long-run Decreasing-Cost Industry P Perusahaan baru, masuk S1 S2 P=$50 P<$50 D1 D2 Kurva biaya bergeser ke bawah, harga di bawah $50 Q Q1 Q2 94

95 Supply jk panjang kurva
Long-run Decreasing-Cost Industry P S1 S2 S P=$50 long-run supply D1 D2 Supply jk panjang kurva slope negatif Q Q1 Q2 95 .

96 Topik Bab 9 Struktur Pasar Pers.Sempurna: Karekteristik Permintaan
Keuntungan Max. Jk.Pendek Marginal Cost dan Supply Jk Pendek Keuntungan Mx. Jk.Panjang Persingan Sempurna dan Efisiensi

97 Keseimbangan Kompetitif
Apa yh dimaksud dgn Keseimbangan Kompetitif Jk Panjang?

98 Long-run Competitive Equilibrium
Figure Long-run Competitive Equilibrium P MC ATC P MR Price = MC = Minimum ATC (normal profit) Q Q 98

99 Pers.Sempurna dan Efisiensi
Efisiensi Produktif

100 Pers.Sempurna dan Efisiensi Efisiensi Produktif
Produksi pd minimum ATC

101 Pers.Sempurna dan Efisiensi Efisiensi Produktif
Produksi pd minimum ATC Efisiensi Allokatif

102 Pers.Sempurna dan Efisiensi Efisiensi Produktif
Produksi pd minimum ATC Efisiensi Allokatif harga = MC

103 Pers.Sempurna dan Efisiensi
Harga = MC  Nilai terakhir dari unit yg dibeli adalah sama dengan opportunity cost dari masyarakat untuk memproduksi brg tsb Price > MC  Underallocation Price < MC  Overallocation Price = MC  Yg diinginkan (“just right”)

104 Pers.Sempurna dan Efisiensi Efisiensi Produktif
Produksi pd minimum ATC Efisiensi Allokatif harga = MC Efisiensi Dinamis resources secara cepat merespon perubahan selera,

105 Topik Bab 9 Struktur Pasar Pers.Sempurna: Karekteristik Permintaan
Keuntungan Max. Jk.Pendek Marginal Cost dan Supply Jk Pendek Keuntungan Mx. Jk.Panjang Pers.Sempurna dan Efisiensi