SEL-SEL YANG DIHASILKAN

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1 SEL-SEL YANG DIHASILKAN
JENIS-JENIS SERAT KOLAGEN JENIS KOLAGEN TEMPAT SEL-SEL YANG DIHASILKAN CIRI-CIRI TIPE I (~ 90%) (tersusun atas dua jenis rantai-α) Lapisan kulit, tendon Fibroblas Hidroksilisin rendah, karbohidrat rendah Tersebar (areolar), memadati jaringan penyambung, serat-serat kolagen Sel retikular dan otot halus Hampir kebanyakan tersebar di organ interna Tulang Osteoblas Dentin (Gigi) Odontoblas TIPE II (tersusun hanya satu jenis rantai-α) Tulang rawan hialin dan elastin Lensa mata, jaringan invertebral Kondrosit Sel-sel retina Hidroksilisin tinggi, karbohidrat tinggi (Fibril lebih tipis dari tipe I)

2 SEL-SEL YANG DIHASILKAN
JENIS-JENIS SERAT KOLAGEN JENIS KOLAGEN TEMPAT SEL-SEL YANG DIHASILKAN CIRI-CIRI TIPE III (tersusun hanya atas satu jenis rantai-α) Menyebar di jaringan penyambung; serabut retikuler, lapisan kulit papiler (pada fase perkembangan) Fibroblas dan sel-sel retikular Hidroksiprolin tinggi, hidroksilisin rendah, karbohidrat rendah Pembuluh darah Sel otot halus, sel endotelial TIPE IV (tersusun atas dua jenis rantai-α) Lamina basal Kapsul lensa mata Sel epitelial dan sel endotelial Epitel lensa Hidroksilisin sangat tinggi, karbohidrat tinggi, (menahan prokolagen menjadi peptida) TIPE V Membran fetal (plasenta) Membran lapisan dasar Tulang Otot halus Fibroblas Sel-sel epitelial Osteoblas Sel-sel otot halus

3 In addition, a number of other collagens have been recently identified in the following location:
TIPE VI Short triple helical segment about 100 nm long; occur in small amounts in kidney, liver, and uterus, where type I and III collagens are found TIPE VII Basal laminae of many ephitelia TIPE VIII Secretory product of endothelial cells; major component of Decemet’s membrane in the cornea TIPE IX Mainly in cartilage; found with type II collagen TIPE X Confined to cartilage; in matrix surrounding hypertrophic chondrocytes TIPE XI Associated with type OO collagen in cartilage; function unknown TIPE XII Tendon; properties in common with type IX collagen TIPE XIII Endothelium TIPE XIV Fetal skin and tendon Thus far, some 25 distinct collagen α-chains, each encoded by a separate gene, have been identified.

4 PERBANDINGAN CIRI-CIRI SERAT JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG
GAMBARAN KOLAGEN RETIKULER ELASTIS Jaringan molekuler Triple-stranded helix; Tiap helai ~ 1000 AA; Molekul ~ panjang 300 nm, diameter 1,5 nm (glisin, hidroksiprolin, hidroksilisin) Kolagen tipe III Elastin 830 amino acid residues long; contains desmocine, isodesmocine (dibentuk dari empat molekul lisin) Jaringan Fibrilar Diameter fiber 2-10 μm (tidak bercabang); diameter fibril ~ 50nm; mikrofibril yang lebih kecil Diameter fiber 0,2-2 μm, fibril nm Diameter fiber 1-4 μm; cabang fiber Tidak ada fibril Diameter mikrofibril ~ 12 nm Axial periodicity Fibrils 670 A; axial periodicity 670 A Tidak ada Air mendidih Merubah kolagen menjadi gelatin Resisten Asam dan basa lemah Membengkak Sama dengan kolagen Resisten terhadap asam dan basa lemah

5 PERBANDINGAN CIRI-CIRI SERAT JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG
GAMBARAN KOLAGEN RETIKULER ELASTIS Asam dan basa kuat Larut Pewarnaan Dengan pewarnaan asidofilik Silver (argirofilik) PAS+ Resorsin fuchsin, resorsin orsein Efek enzim Larut dalam pepsin dan kolagenase Sensitif terhadap elastase Sel penghasil serat Fibroblas Sel otot halus di pembuluh darah Osteoblas Kondroblas Odontoblas Kolagen tipe IV Diproduksi oleh sel epitel dan sel endotelial Sel retikuler Sel Schwan (untuk endoneurium)

6 JENIS SEL DI JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG
FUNGSI UMUM Fibroblas Menghasilkan serat-serat (kolagen, retikuler, elastin) dan selaput tak beraturan (glikosaminoglikans, proteglikans) Makrofag Fagosit (mis: bakteri) Pemaparan antigen Perisit Membedakan antara fibroblas, sel retikuler, makrofag, otot halus dalam pembuluh darah, adiposit Sel Mast Secrete heparin, histamine, slow-reacting substanse of anaphylaxis, eosinophilic chemotactic factor anaphylaxis Foreign body giant cell Phagocytic (larger particulate material) Sel retikuler Memproduksi serat retikuler (kolagen tipe ke-3) untuk pembuluh limf, limpa, sum-sum tulang, dll Adiposit Penimbunan lemak, mobilitas Kondroblas (kondrosit) Mengeluarkan kolagen atau serat elastis seperti halnya substansi intersel amorf (glikosaminoglikans, proteoglikans), dan protein lainnya Osteoblas Mengeluarkan kolagen, susunan tulang (proteoglikans)

7 FUNGSI MAKROFAG Reseptor permukaan bagi:
Receptors that bind C3b component of complement Fc receptors, IgG IL-2, IL-1, IL-6 Tumor necrosis factor (TFN) (interferon) ATPase 5’-Nucleotidase Muatan Lisosom Hidrolase asam Lisozim Mieloperoksidase Makrofag aktifator Lipopolisakarida Interferon-γ Efek Interleukin yang dihasilkan oleh makrofag Mengaktifkan B limfosit Faktor kemotaktis untuk neutrofil Meningkatkan sirkulasi neutrofil Bagian dari fibroblas

8 FUNGSI MAKROFAG Menghasilkan Fagosit Sel mati Seluler debris Bakteri
Pemaparan Antigen Present antigen with MHC II molecules to helper T lymphocytes (TH cells) IL-1 (a mitogenic protein for T lymohocytes) IL-6, Il-8 TNF- α Interferon- α, -β; involved in fighting virus Colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Erythropoietin Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

9 FUNGSI MAKROFAG Menghasilkan sekret khusus
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) Transforming growth factor-β (TGF- β) Protease inhibitors Elastase, collagenase Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Neutral proteases Coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X, XII) Thrombospondin Plasminogen activator Factor inducing monocytopoiesis Complement componenets Pyrogens (mediate fever) Proteoglycan-degrading enzymes Hydrogen peroxide Lipases Superoxide

10 SISTEM MACROPHAGE NAMA SEL FUNGSI TEMPAT Macrophage
Fagositosis, antigen presentation Loose (areolar) connective tissue Peritoneal or pleural macrophages Fagositosis Serous cavities Blood cell destruction, antigen presentation Bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph node Alveolar macrophage (or dust cell) Alveoli of lung Sel Langerhans Antigen presentation Epidermis Sel Kuppfer Liver (perinsinusoidal makrofag)

11 SISTEM MACROPHAGE NAMA SEL FUNGSI TEMPAT Microglia
Fagositosis, antigen presentation Sistem saraf pusat Osteoklas (multinukleat) Penyerapan tulang Permukaan tulang (form from fusion of monocyte-derived macrophages) Fibroblast –derived macrophage Fagositosis Lamina propria usus halus Uterus-endometrium Foreign body giant cell (multinucleate) Induced in areas of large particulate material (e.g., talc on mesentery) (fusion of monocytes, macrophages)

12 SUBSTANSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH SEL MAST
Heparin (acidic GAG) Anticoagulant: binds to fibronectin, growth factors, coagulation proteins, complement compounds; has anticancer activity, causes tumor regression, inhibits tumor metastasis Chondroitin sulfate Sometimes present in mast cell granules rather than heparin: thus, different types of mast cells exist Histamine Causes contraction of smooth muscle of bronchioles: causes increased capillary permeability (leakiness) Leukotrienes (slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) Causes contraction of smooth muscle (not stored in cell-synthesized from membrane phospholipids)

13 SUBSTANSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH SEL MAST
Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphilaxis (ECF-A) Attracts eosinophils to regions of antigen-antibody interaction; eosinophils phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes: eosinophils produce histaminase, which depresses histamine effects, and aryl sulfatase, which counteracts leukotrienes Lysosomal enzymes Including β-glucuronidse, hexosaminidase, aryl sulfatase Functional role unclear: may degrade GAGs in extracellular matrix Neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) Chemoattractant for neutrophils Other subtances include platelet-activating factor, prostoglandins (several), and neutral proteases (tryptase, chymase) (most of the IgE molecules in the body are fixed on the surface of mast cells rather than in the plasma)