HUKUM NEWTON TENTANG GRAVITASI UNIVERSAL

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HUKUM NEWTON TENTANG GRAVITASI UNIVERSAL

AIR DALAM TANAH Soil is made up of soil particles in crumb-form (peds), and pore spaces around the soil crumbs. In a well-structured soil, these crumbs are nice and stable....but in a poorly structured soil, the crumbs are unstable which often limits pore-space. The pore-spaces are necessary for holding water, and for the free gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the plant roots and the soil surface (respiration process). There are three types of soil water (ie. water in the soil).                                                                                                           

AIR GRAVITASI AIR KAPILER                         AIR GRAVITASI This is the water which is susceptible to the forces of gravity. It exists after significant rainfall, and after substantial irrigation. This is the water which fills all the pore-space, and leaves no room for oxygen and gaseous exchange. In "light" soils, this tends to drain away quickly. In heavy soils, this can take time. AIR KAPILER This is the water which is held with the force of SURFACE TENSION by the soil particles, and is resistent to the forces of gravity. This is the water which is present after the gravitational water has drained away, leaving spaces free for gaseous exchange. When the soil is holding it's MAXIMUM capillary water (after the gravitational water has drained), this is called FIELD CAPACITY. At this point, the plant is able to take up water easily, and has the oxygen that it needs in the root zone.

Titik layu permanen merupakan sifat tanah yang penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Mengapa demikian? Jelaskan dengan 250 kata AIR HIGROSKOPIS This is the water which is held so tightly (by surface tension) to the soil particles that the plant roots can't take it up. It's there.......but it's unavailable. At this stage there's generally sufficient oxygen, but there just isn't enough available water. The plant wilts, and will eventually die if it doesn't get water. When the plant wilts and is unable to recover, this is called the TITIK LAYU PERMANEN

Air tanah pada berbagai kondisi kelengasan (kadar air)

Gaya-gaya yg berpengaruh ENERGI AIR TANAH Retensi dan pergerakan air tanah melibatkan energi, yaitu: Energi Potensial, Energi Kinetik dan Energi Elektrik. Selanjutnya status energi dari air disebut ENERGI BEBAS, yang merupakan PENJUMLAHAN dari SEMUA BENTUK ENERGI yang ada. Air bergerak dari zone air berenergi bebas tinggi (tanah basah) menuju zone air berenergi bebas rendah (tanah kering). Gaya-gaya yg berpengaruh Gaya matrik: tarikan padatan tanah (matrik) thd molekul air; Gaya osmotik: tarikan kation-kation terlarut thd molekul air Gaya gravitasi: tarikan bumi terhadap molekul air tanah. Potensial air tanah Ketiga gaya tersebut di atas bekerja bersama mempengaruhi energi bebas air tanah, dan selanjutnya menentukan perilaku air tanah, ….. POTENSIAL TOTAL AIR TANAH (PTAT) PTAT adalah jumlah kerja yg harus dilakukan untuk memindahkan secara berlawanan arah sejumlah air murni bebas dari ketinggian tertentu secara isotermik ke posisi tertentu air tanah. PTAT = Pt = perbedaan antara status energi air tanah dan air murni bebas Pt = Pg + Pm + Po + ………………………… ( t = total; g = gravitasi; m = matrik; o = osmotik)

Hubungan potensial air tanah dengan energi bebas Energi bebas naik bila air tanah berada pada letak ketinggian yg lebih tinggi dari titik baku pengenal (referensi) + Poten-sial positif Energi bebas dari air murni Potensial tarikan bumi Menurun karena pengaruh osmotik Potensial osmotik (hisapan) Poten-sial negatif Potensial matrik (hisapan) - Menurun karena pengaruh matrik Energi bebas dari air tanah

POTENSIAL AIR TANAH POTENSIAL TARIKAN BUMI = Potensial gravitasi Pg = G.h dimana G = percepatan gravitasi, h = tinggi air tanah di atas posisi ketinggian referensi. Potensial gravitasi berperanan penting dalam menghilangkan kelebihan air dari bagian atas zone perakaran setelah hujan lebat atau irigasi Potensial matrik dan Osmotik Potensial matrik merupakan hasil dari gaya-gaya jerapan dan kapilaritas. Gaya jerapan ditentukan oleh tarikan air oleh padatan tanah dan kation jerapan Gaya kapilaritas disebabkan oleh adanya tegangan permukaan air. Potensial matriks selalu negatif Potensial osmotik terdapat pd larutan tanah, disebabkan oleh adanya bahan-bahan terlarut (ionik dan non-ionik). Pengaruh utama potensial osmotik adalah pada serapan air oleh tanaman Hisapan dan Tegangan Potensial matrik dan osmotik adalah negatif, keduanya bersifat menurunkan energi bebas air tanah. Oleh karena itu seringkali potensial negatif itu disebut HISAPAN atau TEGANGAN. Hisapan atau Tegangan dapat dinyatakan dengan satuan-satuan positif. Jadi padatan-tanah bertanggung jawab atas munculnya HISAPAN atau TEGANGAN.

11. 1. Penjabaran Hukum Keppler 3 11. 2 11.1. Penjabaran Hukum Keppler 3 11.2. Gravitasi Planet dan Hukum Kepler 3 11.3. Eksperimen Cavendish  Tetapan Gravitasi Universal 11.4. Massa Bumi, Matahari, dan Planet 11.5. Beberapa Pengaruh terhadap Kerja Newton 11.6. Beberapa Konskuensi Hukum Newton tentang Gravitasi Universal 11.7. Penemuan Planet Baru berdasar Teori Gravitasi Newton

11. 6. Hukum Bode: Keteraturan semu tentang posisi Planet. 11. 9 11.6. Hukum Bode: Keteraturan semu tentang posisi Planet. 11.9. Gravitasi dan Galaksi 11.10. I do not feign hypotheses 11.11. Tempat Newton dalam Sain Modern 11.12. Eksplorasi Sumberdaya Alam dengan prinsip gravitasi (TAMBAHAN)

11.1. Penjabaran Hk Keppler 3 KEPPLER NEWTON ORBIT PLANET ELLIPS LUAS SAPUAN ORBIT PERSATUAN WAKTU TETAP PERIODE (T) <-> JEJARI ORBIT (R)  T2 <-> R3  T2 = K R3 NEWTON GAYA (F) GAYA <-> MASSA (m) DAN PERCEPATAN (a) F = m a GAYA AKSI <-> GAYA REAKSI GERAK TRANSLASI ROTASI  PERCEPATAN/GAYA CENTRIPETAL GRAVITASI GAYA GRAVITASI (F) <-> MASSA1(m1), MASSA 2 (m2), dan JARAK12(r12) F = G (m1 m2 )/(r12)2 G = KONSTANTA GRAVITASI UNIVERSAL

R F

11.2. Gravitasi Planet dan Hukum Keppler 3

11.3. Eksperimen Cavendish  Tetapan Gravitasi Universal G = 6,67384 x 10-11 N (m/kg)2

11.4. Massa Bumi, Matahari, dan Planet

11.5. Beberapa Pengaruh terhadap Kerja Newton Galileo : Eksperimen benda jatuh Keppler : Orbit planet Ticho Brahe : Astonomi Flamsteed : Astronomi Halley : Astronomi Dll.

11.6. Beberapa Konskuensi Hukum Newton tentang Gravitasi Universal

11.7. Penemuan Planet Baru berdasar Teori Gravitasi Newton Neptune is the outermost planet of the gas giants. It has an equatorial diameter of 49,500 kilometers (30,760 miles). If Neptune were hollow, it could contain nearly 60 Earths. Neptune orbits the Sun every 165 years. It has eight moons, six of which were found by Voyager. A day on Neptune is 16 hours and 6.7 minutes. Neptune was discovered on September 23, 1846 by Johann Gottfried Galle, of the Berlin Observatory, and Louis d'Arrest, an astronomy student, through mathematical predictions made by Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier.

11.6. Hukum Bode: Keteraturan semu tentang posisi Planet.

11.9. Gravitasi dan Galaksi

11.10. I do not feign hypotheses

11.11. Tempat Newton dalam Sain Modern Out of his study has

11.12. Eksplorasi Sumberdaya Alam dengan prinsip gravitasi

Hendra Grandis, 2010

SURVEI GRAVITASI DI GUNUNGAPI MERAPI Tim Geofisika UGM Juli, 2011

Hendra Grandis, 2010

AIRBORNE GRAVITY SURVEYS IN THE ARCTIC (NORTH POLE)

Pioneer: The Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer flies in a low orbit and can sense changes in gravity as small as one part in 10trillion Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1372012/Potato-Earth-Gravity-satellite-reveals-planet-REALLY-looks-like.html#ixzz1VxyS6and

The gravitational pull of the earth has been mapped in this new geoid image from the GOCE satellite - with the yellows and red indicating a strong pull, while the blues show less gravity Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1372012/Potato-Earth-Gravity-satellite-reveals-planet-REALLY-looks-like.html#ixzz1VxxnRkqi

MARILAH BELAJAR GRAVITASI UNTUK MENGETAHUI ALAM RAYA, BUMI, DAN ISINYA LEBIH MENDALAM AGAR KITA DAPAT MEMFAATKANNYA DENGAN LEBIH SANTUN ATAU BIJAKSANA. Kirbani SB.