Psikoterapi: Karakteristik dan etika psikoterapi cleostudies.lecture.ub.ac.id

Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct Defining Empirically Supported Therapies (ESTs) http://www.personal.kent.edu/~dfresco/CRM_Readings/Chambless_1998.pdf Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/principles.pdf

When should you consider psychotherapy? Anda merasa tidak berdaya dan sedih yang berkepanjangan. Problem Anda berlanjut meski Anda sudah berupaya dan sudah dibantu oleh teman dan keluarga. Anda sulit konsentrasi dengan pekerjaan dan aktivitas rutin. Anda kerja berlebihan, namun berharap hasil yang terburuk. Perilaku Anda mengganggu diri sendiri dan orang lain. Understanding psychotherapy and how it works http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/understanding-psychotherapy.aspx

Traditional view of helping professions Educational Supportive Situational & developmental Problem solving Conscious awareness Focus on present Emphasis on “normals” Reconstructive Depth emphasis Analytic Focus on past Emphasis on “dysfunction” Gerald Corey. 2012. Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Traditional characteristics of psychotherapy Terkait dengan gangguan mental yang serius. Peran terapis adalah sebagai ahli, bukan sharing partner. Menekankan pada insight. Perubahan yang bersifat rekonstruktif. Relasi jangka panjang (20-40 sesi). Gerald Corey. 2012. Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.

What is psychotherapy (talk therapy)? “A treatment that involves a relationship between a therapist and patient. It can be used to treat a broad variety of mental disorders and emotional difficulties. The goal of psychotherapy is to eliminate or control disabling or troubling symptoms so the patient can function better.” What Treatments Do Psychiatrists Use? http://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-psychiatry “Any of a group of therapies, used to treat psychological disorders, that focus on changing faulty behaviors, thoughts, perceptions, and emotions that may be associated with specific disorders.” Glossary of psychological terms.  http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx

Psychiatry and psychotherapy: A troubled relationship http://ejop.psychopen.eu/article/view/717/html

Psychologist or psychiatrist? Psychiatry and psychotherapy: A troubled relationship http://ejop.psychopen.eu/article/view/717/html

Why choose a psychologist for psychotherapy? “Psychologists who specialize in psychotherapy and other forms of psychological treatment are highly trained professionals with expertise in mental health assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and behavior change. After graduating from a four-year undergraduate college or university, psychologists spend an average of seven years in graduate education and training to earn a doctoral degree. That degree may be a PhD, PsyD or EdD. As part of their professional training, psychologists must complete a supervised clinical internship in a hospital or organized health setting. In most states, they must also have an additional year of post-doctoral supervised experience before they can practice independently in any health care arena. It is this combination of doctoral-level training and clinical internship that distinguishes psychologists from many other mental health care providers.” Understanding psychotherapy and how it works http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/understanding-psychotherapy.aspx Psychotherapy: More Than A Quick Fix - Episode 1 https://youtu.be/CvcOivVzCaI Psychotherapy: Good For Your Health - Episode 2 https://youtu.be/fbo_dtAOLD0

Why choose a psychiatrist for psychotherapy? “Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and some others may have specialized training in psychotherapy. However, only psychiatrists are also trained in medicine and are able to prescribe medications. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who are specially trained to treat individuals for a broad range of emotional and behavioral problems. They are uniquely qualified to diagnose and treat emotional difficulties because they understand the mind, brain and body and their interactions. They are trained to use psychotherapy, medications, and the two in combination.” Director’s Blog NIMH: The Future of Psychiatry (= Clinical Neuroscience) Thomas Insel http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2012/the-future-of-psychiatry-clinical-neuroscience.shtml From the President American Psychiatric Association Should Psychotherapy Remain Part of Psychiatry? Renée Binder, M.D. http://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.pn.2016.2a11?utm_source=Internal-Link&utm_medium=Side-Billboard&utm_campaign=psychotherapyblog

Challenges in psychotherapy Butuh waktu untuk mencari terapis yang tepat. Terapi adalah kombinasi relasi yang tidak natural (sangat personal + setting profesional). Therapists leave and therapy ends. Terapi hanya berlangsung 50 menit/pertemuan. Kadang relasi dengan terapis sama efektifnya dengan relasi pertemanan. Efek samping dari terapi sulit diprediksi. Therapists can be just as crazy as any of their clients. 7 challenges of psychotherapy http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/05/29/7-challenges-of-psychotherapy/

Dodo bird verdict  Modalitas terapi (perilaku, kognitif, psikodinamika) tidak relevan, yang penting adalah faktor terapis (kehangatan, genuineness), faktor klien (insight, reaksi terhadap stres), dan interaksi keduanya. Wampold, B.E,. et al. (1997). A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bona fide psychotherapies: Empirically, ‘‘All have won and all must have prizes. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 203–215. http://www.canonsociaalwerk.eu/2009_wiewerkt/Wampold%20A%20meta-analysis.pdf Goldfried, M. R., (2013). What should we expect from psychotherapy? Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 862-869. http://cleostudies.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2015/03/Goldfried-2014-What-to-expect-from-psychotherapy.pdf