MARINE ECOSYSTEM Ecological Interest: 1. Laut itu luas 2. Laut itu dalam margin 3. Laut itu kontinyu 4. Laut itu dalam sirkulasi yang kontinyu 5. Didominasi oleh “waves” & “tides” 6. The sea is “salty” 7. Konsentrasi nutrient yang terlarut rendah dan sebagai faktor pembatas terhadap populasi laut 35 parts of salt 27% NaCl (PH : 8,2 change) 8. Adanya paradox, “living organism older than sea floor” Faktor Pembatas: - Nutrient - Penetration of light Fresh water turbidity 80% juvenail live in Mangrove coastal
Coastal (Mangrove) memiliki 3 area: Spawning area Nursery area Feeding area Ecological value of mangrove & coral reef Productivity Diversity Stability Fungsi Mangrove: sebagai filter polusi For Tourism 80% mangrove di Bangladesh telah dirusak ESTUARINE Klasifikasi: atas dasar sirkulasi air & stratifikasi 1. Highly Stratified Estuary: “salt wedge” -- air kali 2. Moderately Stratified Estuary: equal between fresh water & sea 3. Completely Mixed Estuary: hypersaline estuary
River Sea Nutrient Trap Biological Factors Estuarine High productivity Why? 1. An estuary = a nutrient trap 2. Memiliki 3 macam produser: Macrophyte Benthic microphites Fitoplankton 3. Adanya “tidal action” fluctuating water-level ecosystem transportation food + nutrients mengurangi R.
Estuarine River Sea Primary Productivity Cal/cm2/year
Importance of Fish as a Source of Protein Supply (1970) Country Fish as % of Total Animal Protein Supply (“74-”76) Total Protein Supply Per Capita Fish Consumption (kg / year) Bangladesh Hongkong India Indonesia Malaysia Filipina Singapura Thailand Vietnam 58,9 55,3 22,4 63,6 47,3 58,2 31,6 52,8 56,3 7,9 7,5 2,3 8,3 17,0 22,6 15,2 13,2 14,0 10,8 13,6 3,4 10,4 34,7 33.1 43,4 21,8 (W. R. 1987, p. 136)