INSTRUMEN OSEANOGRAFI

INSTRUMEN OSEANOGRAFI: Winch CTD Tide Gauge Buoy Mooring

1. WINCH

2. CTD

Metode Pengukuran CTD: Sebelum 1950-an ~ Metode Titrasi Knudsen Reversing Mercury Thermometer Mulai 1950-an: Estimasi salinitas dari konduktivitas listrik Pada 1970 mulai penggunaan PROFILER Peluang-peluang riset dengan adanya PROFILER: Struktur Mikro Perpindahan bahang dan garam Karakteristik fisik-kiam air laut

Spesifikasi Umum CTD

SENSOR KONDUKTIVITAS: C ~ Konduktivitas listrik N ~ jumlah ion n ~ valensi e ~ muatan elementer u+ dan u- ~ mobilitas ion positif dan negatif Hubungan antara konduktivitas dan resistensi C ~ konduktivitas, R ~ resistansi G ~ konduktansi k ~ “tetapan sel” l ~ panjang kolom air, dan q ~ penampang melintangnya

Ketergantungan terhadap tekanan dan suhu Nilai k bervariasi terhadap perubahan tekanan hidrostatik dan ekspansi thermail dan dapat dinyatakan sebagai: To dan Po adalah aras acuan (reference level), alfa adalah koef ekspansi linear dan beta adalah koef. kompressibilitas linier (1/3 dari kompressibilitas volume). Persamaan untuk mengoreksi konduktivitas adalah:

CONDUCTIVITY

SENSOR SUHU: Dua jenis: (lamban) resistance thermometer dan (cepat) thermistor Bahan thermistor: platinium, tembaga kepekaan terhadap perubahan tekanan ~ 0,040C/km

TEMPERATUR SENSOR (CTD)

SEACAT Profiler (CTD Profiler)

Posisi Penempatan CTD bersama Rosette

Deployment Rosette dan CTD

Contoh Data CTD * Sea-Bird SBE 9 Raw Data File: * FileName = C:\INSTANT\INSTAN16.DAT * Software Version 4.232 * Temperature SN = 2507 * Conductivity SN = 2116 * Number of Bytes Per Scan = 27 * Number of Voltage Words = 5 * System UpLoad Time = Jan 09 2004 05:03:31 * Command Line = seasave ** Ship : KR. Baruna Jaya VIII ** Cruise : INSTANT-2003 ** Station : INSTAN16 ** Latitude : 08 23.520 S ** Longitude: 115 53.602 E ** Time : 21:00 GMT ** Date : JANUARY 08 2004 ** Depth : 1189 m ** Weather : Smooth Wavelet ** Operator : SUGI ** Class : F1 ODV ** Predict : CHAMPION # nquan = 12 # nvalues = 1071 # units = specified # name 0 = prDM: Pressure, Digiquartz [db] # name 1 = depSM: Depth [salt water, m] # name 2 = t068C: Temperature [ITS-68, deg C] # name 3 = potemp068C: Potential Temperature [ITS-68, deg C] # name 4 = sal00: Salinity [PSU] # name 5 = c0mS/cm: Conductivity [mS/cm] # name 6 = density00: Density [density, Kg/m^3] # name 7 = flC: Fluorescence, Chelsea Aqua 3 Chl Con [ug/l] # name 8 = obs: OBS, Backscatterance (D & A) [NTU] # name 9 = xmiss: Beam Transmission, Chelsea/Seatech/Wetlab CStar [%] # name 10 = nbf: Bottles Fired # name 11 = flag: 0.000e+00 Contoh Data CTD

Contoh Data CTD # interval = decibars: 1 # start_time = Jan 09 2004 05:03:31 # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # sensor 0 = Frequency 0 temperature, 2507, 27-Mart-03s # sensor 1 = Frequency 1 conductivity, 2116, 08-May-03, cpcor = -9.5700e-08 # sensor 2 = Frequency 2 pressure, 69686, 01-April-2003 # sensor 3 = Extrnl Volt 0 oxygen, current, 130498, 06 April 1998 # sensor 4 = Extrnl Volt 1 oxygen, temperature, 130498, 06 April 1998 # sensor 5 = Extrnl Volt 2 pH, 270130, 27 March 2003 # sensor 6 = Extrnl Volt 3 oxidation reduction potential, 270130, 03 January 1998 # sensor 7 = Extrnl Volt 4 fluorometer, chelsea, 088203, 24 April 2003 # sensor 8 = Extrnl Volt 5 transmissometer, primary, CST-197PR, 01 May 2003 # sensor 9 = Extrnl Volt 6 backscatterance, 1165, 26 March 2003 # sensor 10 = Extrnl Volt 7 irradiance (PAR), 4521, 14 April 2003 # sensor 11 = Extrnl Volt 9 surface irradiance (SPAR), degrees = 0.0 # datcnv_date = Jan 09 2004 13:55:51, 1.00 # datcnv_in = C:\INSTANT\Instan16.dat C:\INSTANT\Instant.con # datcnv_skipover = 0 # binavg_date = Jan 09 2004 14:00:39, 1.00 # binavg_in = C:\INSTANT\temp\Instan16.cnv # binavg_bintype = decibars # binavg_binsize = 1 # binavg_excl_bad_scans = yes # binavg_skipover = 0 # binavg_surface_bin = no, min = 0.000, max = 0.000, value = 0.000 # file_type = ascii *END*

Contoh Data CTD 2.000 1.989 28.4205 28.4200 33.6549 54.730309 1021.2566 0.2350 2.9323 85.4083 0 0.0000e+00 3.000 2.984 28.7324 28.7317 33.9073 55.416323 1021.3478 0.1964 2.9398 85.4428 0 0.0000e+00 4.000 3.978 28.6744 28.6735 33.9721 55.450858 1021.4200 0.2063 2.9541 85.4931 0 0.0000e+00 5.000 4.973 28.4060 28.4049 34.0385 55.269264 1021.5625 0.1999 2.9289 85.5303 0 0.0000e+00 6.000 5.967 28.2476 28.2462 34.0404 55.108292 1021.6202 0.2099 2.9304 85.4366 0 0.0000e+00 7.000 6.961 28.2333 28.2317 34.0485 55.105530 1021.6353 0.2284 2.9617 85.2960 0 0.0000e+00 8.000 7.956 28.2254 28.2235 34.0514 55.102041 1021.6444 0.2639 2.9306 85.3120 0 0.0000e+00 9.000 8.950 28.2326 28.2305 34.0569 55.117800 1021.6505 0.3108 2.9304 85.3251 0 0.0000e+00 10.000 9.945 28.2287 28.2263 34.0586 55.116524 1021.6573 0.2903 2.9304 85.3121 0 0.0000e+00 11.000 10.939 28.2190 28.2164 34.0600 55.108988 1021.6658 0.2781 2.9906 85.3021 0 0.0000e+00 12.000 11.934 28.2121 28.2092 34.0607 55.103160 1021.6729 0.2818 2.9746 85.2904 0 0.0000e+00 13.000 12.928 28.1959 28.1928 34.0596 55.085304 1021.6817 0.2921 2.9871 85.3001 0 0.0000e+00 14.000 13.923 28.1447 28.1414 34.0583 55.030820 1021.7017 0.2941 2.9438 85.3033 0 0.0000e+00 15.000 14.917 28.0692 28.0657 34.0590 54.954071 1021.7312 0.2919 2.9929 85.2231 0 0.0000e+00 16.000 15.911 27.9747 27.9709 34.0591 54.856897 1021.7664 0.3055 3.0180 85.1312 0 0.0000e+00 17.000 16.906 27.8847 27.8807 34.0573 54.761565 1021.7985 0.3332 2.9555 85.1030 0 0.0000e+00 18.000 17.900 27.7759 27.7717 34.0606 54.654219 1021.8406 0.3618 2.9615 85.0295 0 0.0000e+00 19.000 18.895 27.6541 27.6497 34.0659 54.536294 1021.8883 0.3654 3.0061 84.9600 0 0.0000e+00 20.000 19.889 27.5301 27.5255 34.0733 54.419233 1021.9382 0.3927 3.0502 84.8244 0 0.0000e+00

Contoh plot profil CTD

Contoh plot profil CTD Laut Timor Selat Ombai Selat Lombok Selat Makassar

Contoh plot profil CTD

THE END