MANAGEMENT RICHARD L. DAFT
Motivating Employees CHAPTER 17
Learning Outcomes Identify and describe content theories of motivation based on employee needs. Identify and explain process theories of motivation. Describe reinforcement theory and how it can be used to motivate employees. Discuss major approaches to job design and how job design influences motivation. Explain how empowerment heightens employee motivation. Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Are You Engaged or Disengaged? Employee Engagement Kebanyakan orang memulai pekerjaan dengan antusias Karyawan akan kehilangan semangat dan komitmen Karyawan yang memiliki motivasi dan dan keterlibatan tinggi mempengaruhi kesuksesan organisasi Membangun motivasi adalah tantangan bagi manajer…. Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Concept of Motivation Motivasi diartikan sebagai suatu kekuatan yang muncul dari dalam ataupun dari luar diri seseorang dan membangkitkan semangat serta ketekunan untuk mencapai sesuatu yang diinginkan Employee motivation affects productivity. A manager’s job is to channel motivation. Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
A Simple Model of Motivation Motivasi dapat menyebabkan seseorang bertindak dengan perilaku yang baik dalam sebuah organisasi. Motivasi pekerja yang tinggi berbanding lurus dengan kinerja organsisasi dan keuntungan yang dihasilkan. Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Two Types of Rewards Penghargaan intrinsik-Kepuasan yang diperoleh ketika karyawan berhasil melakukan sesuatu Penghargaan ekstrinsik-diberikan oleh orang lain Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Content Perspectives on Motivation Kebutuhan memotivasi seseorang. Hierarchy of Needs Theory ERG Theory Two-Factor Theory Acquired Needs Theory Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Menurut teori Maslow’s, kebutuhan tingkat dasar menjadi prioritas—sebelum kebutuhan-kebutuhan tingkat atas Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
ERG Theory Clayton Alderfer ERG menyederhanakan teori maslow. Three categories of needs: Existence needs. Kebutuhan akan kebahagian lahir Relatedness needs. Kebutuhan akan hubungan baik dengan orang lain. Growth needs. Kebutuhan yang fokus pada pengembangan potensi, pertumbuhan dan kompetensi diri Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Two-Factor Motivation Theory Frederick Herzberg Two-Factor Motivation Theory Frederick Herzberg Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Acquired Needs Theory David McClellad Need for Achievement. Keinginan menyelesaikan suatu yang sulit, menggapai kesuksesan dan mengungguli orang lain. Need for Affiliation. Keinginan membentuk hubungan personal, menghindari konflik, membangun hubungan pertemanan yang akrab Need for Power. Keinginan untuk mempengaruhi dan mengatur orang lain, bertanggung jawab untuk orang lain dan memiliki otoritas atas orang lain Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Process Perspectives on Motivation Teori yang menjelaskan bagaimana orang memilih tindakan- tindakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka Goal-Setting Theory Equity Theory Expectancy Theory Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Goal-Setting Specific, challenging targets significantly enhance people’s motivation and performance. Managers can improve performance by setting specific goals. Goal-setting theory requires: Specific Goals (kespesifikan target) Difficult Goals (tingkat kesulitan target) Acceptance Goals (Penerimaan taget) Feedback (umpan balik) Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Equity Theory (Kesetaraan) Fokus pada persepsi individu akan seberapa adil mereka diperlakukan dibanding orang lain Orang termotivasi mencari keadilan sosial dalam penghargaan yang mereka harapkan atas prestasi yang mereka raih Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Metode Mengurangi Ketidakadilan yang diterima Metode Mengurangi Ketidakadilan yang diterima Change Work Efforts (daya) Change Outcomes (hasil) Change Perceptions (persepsi) Leave the Job (meninggalkan) Pengawai akan mengukur keadilan atas penghargaan yang mereka terima dibandingkan dengan pegawai lain Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Expectancy Theory (Pengharapan) Motivasi tergantung pada pengharapan individu mengenai kemampuan mereka dalam melakukan tugas-tugas dan menerima penghargaan yang diinginkan Fokus pada proses berpikir yang digunakan individu untuk memperoleh penghargaan Didasarkan pada hubungan usaha, prestasi dan hasil yang diinginkan Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Major Elements of Expectancy Theory Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Penguatan pada Motivasi (reinforcement) Melihat hubungan antara sikap dan konsekuensinya Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Job Design for Motivation Job Design – aplikasi dari teori motivasi pada struktur kerja untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kepuasan Penyederhanaan Pekerjaan- efisiensi tugas dengan mengurangi jumlah tugas yang harus dikerjakan Perputaran Pekerjaan – memindahkan pegawai dari satu pekerjaan ke pekerjaan lain Pemekaran Pekerjaan – menggabungkan beberapa tugas menjadi satu tugas baru dan lebih besar Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Memberdayakan Pegawai untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan Tingkat Tinggi Information - Employees receive information about company performance Knowledge - Employees have knowledge and skills to contribute to company goals Power - Employees have the power to make substantive decisions Rewards - Employees are rewarded based on the company performance Copyright ©2010 by South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.