Introduction to Philosophy and Religion Ronny Tri Wirasto, M.D, Psychiatrist Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada – Universitas Tadulako 2010

At the moment where the modernization or the western life style coming up then some people get confuse because of they do not understand or they do not clear yet with the different between Philosophy and Religion. In the west and even in Japan at the moment many young people do not belief to the GOD anymore, and they think that everything is because of human being himself and they think that THE GOD is the technology itself. Therefore what does it mean by the philosophy ? and also what does it mean by the religion ? That is a very simple and difficult question to be answer

APAKAH “ARCHE” DARI SEGALA SESUATU YANG ADA YUNANI KUNO THALES 624-548 SM --AIR ANAXIMANDER 610-518 --“APEIRON” ANAXIMENES 590-518 --UDARA PYTHAGORAS 580-500 --“BILANGAN” HERACLEITOS 535-475 --API DEMOCRITOS 460-370 --ATOOM

ADA DISEBABKAN ADANYA Aristoteles (384-322 SM) 1. SEBAB BERUPA BAHAN CAUSA MATERIALIS 2. SEBAB BERUPA BENTUK CAUSA FORMALIS 3. SEBAB BERUPA TUJUAN CAUSA FINALIS 4. SEBAB BERUPA KARYA CAUSA EFISIEN SIAPAKAH TUHAN DAN ADA DIMANA 1. TEORI KREASI 2. TEORI EMANASI (EMANERE)

KLASIFIKASI BERBAGAI KARYA ARISTOTELES (384-322 SM) OBJEKNYA: UMUM METAFISIKA (ONTOLOGI) BEING MUTLAK SEGALA SESUATU THEODICAE ALAM SEMESTA (KOSMOLOGI) (YANG) ADA KHUSUS TIDAK MUTLAK LOGIKA AKAL/CIPTA “THE TRUTH” ETIKA KEHENDAK/KARSA MANUSIA “THE GOOD” (ANTROPOLOGI) ESTETIKA RASA/PERASAAN “THE BEAUTY” SUMBER POTENSI YANG MEMBEDAKAN MANUSIA DARI HEWAN

MIDDLE Age Agustinus Thomas Van Aquinos The golden age of islam

THE GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM 750-1250 TOKOH-TOKOHNYA: AL KINDI 801-873 ARAB: “BAPAK ANGKAT” AL FARABI 870-950 YUNANI: BAPAK METODE ILMIAH IBN SINA 980-1037 IBN RUSYD 1126-1198 AL GAZALI 1059-1111 *ISFAHANI : MATEMATIKA *ABU HASAN AL MAWARDI : ASTRONOMI SASTRA MISTIK *KHALIFAH AL MAKMUN : HOUSE OF WISDOM *AL KHAWAZINI : ALJABAR *OMAR KHAYAM : PENYAIR ASTRONOM MATEMATIKA

RENAISSANCE * COPERNICUS 1473-1543 * BRUNO 1548-1600 * J. KEPLER 1571-1630 * GALILEI GALILEO 1564-1642 * FRANCIS BACON 1561-1626 * HUGO DE GROOT 1582-1645 * THOMAS MORE 1480-1650

Hal-hal pokok dalam masa ini : Agama dan filsafat dipisahkan Kembali ke alam Globalisasi

“LAW OF THREE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT” “GRAND THEORY” AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857) “LAW OF THREE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT” TEOLOGI METAFISIK POSITIF 1. KEHIDUPAN BERAWAL: KEHIDUPAN SERBA AKALIAH KEHIDUPAN DIDASARI FETISISME AKAL- PENGALAMAN POLITEISME MONOTEISME 2. AGAMA DOMINAN FILSAFAT: DOMINAN ILMU KEALAMAN: DOMINAN/FISIKA 3. TEOLOG: BERPERAN FILSUF: BERPERAN ILMUWAN BERPERAN 4. PERSEPSI TENTANG PERSEPSI TENTANG PERSEPSI TENTANG KEBENARAN: FIKTIF KEBENARAN: ABSTRAK KEBENARAN: RIIL 5. OBJEK WACANA: OBJEK WACANA: OBJEK WACANA: - SEBAB PERTAMA - UNIVERSAL POSITIF: KONGKRIT, - TUJUAN AKHIR - ABADI EKSAK, AKURAT, SEGALA - “ADI KODRATI” SESUATU BERMANFAAT BERKEMBANG DALAM BERKEMBANG DALAM BERKEMBANG SEMENJAK ZAMAN PRA YUNANI ZAMAN YUNANI KUNO- ZAMAN MODERN KUNO/PRIMITIF ABAD TENGAH RENAISSANCE TAHAP KEKANAK- TAHAP REMAJA TAHAP DEWASA KANAKAN

THE DIFFERENT BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION Art   - subjective - the description & coverage are limited - giving initiation to the obect Religion - based on the belief of people - spiritual life - the description & coverage are not limited

Science objective based on the understanding explaining controlling

B. RELIGION Moslem Philosophy : Moslem philosophy is not a branch of results, but it is a life style or a fundament of the best life, or it is not just an intellectualism Philosophy is the way to get the essential of the truth- the belief that based on the practical need of human being in the contect of material and spiritual

philosophy has its own right to study more about the truth of religion, and on the other hand, religion has also its own right study more about the truth of philosophy

GREEK PHYLOSOPHY Is started from the curiosity or the eager of people to know more about everything In the Middle of the Century of Europe, philosophy was the servant of theology or the servant of church, because at that time being philosophy was just as a tool of the the church to inform the right to know who the GOD is.

Thomas Aquinas (1225- 1274) with his Thomism philosophy of the Romawi catholic church : he mixed becoming one both the Catholic Church Theology with the Aristoteles Philosophy. According to him, the theological right that was excepted from the GOD can not be refused by the PHYLOSOPHY RIGHT that can be excepted by human being, because the two rights are from the same source, that is THE GOD SOURCE. In this context, a philosopher can do a research using a rational method, but the conclusion should be based on the THEOLOGY RIGHTS.

TERIMA KASIH