FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN INFEKSI BAKTERI MUSKULOSKELETAL OLEH M.SABIR BAGIAN MIKROBIOLOGI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO

BAKTERI YANG MENGINFEKSI MUSKULOSKELETAL Staphylococcus Streptocuccus Bacillus Mycobacterium

STAPHYLOCOCCUS Staphyloccocci - derived from Greek “stapyle” (bunch of grapes) Gram positive cocci arranged in clusters Include a major human pathogen and skin commensals

Grouping for Clinical Purposes 1. Coagulase positive Staphylococci Staphylococcus aureus 2. Coagulase negative Staphylococci Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Spesies yang penting dan sering menimbulkan penyakit S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. hominis, S. saprophyticus.

Staphylococcus aureus large, round, opaque colonies facultative anaerobe inhabitant the skin, mucous membranes, Spherical cells, irregular clusters, gram positive, lack spores and flagella , encapsulated.

The Enzymes of S. aureus Coagulase coagulates plasma and blood causes fibrin deposited around staph cells. stop action host defenses “phagocytosis” produced 97% of S. aureus Hyaluronidase, promote invasion “spreading factor” staphylokinase, digests blood clots Nuclease, digests DNA(DNase); and Lipase, help bacteria colonize skin surfaces. Penicillinase, inactivate penicillin

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) The Toxins of S. aureus Blood cell toxins (hemolysins and leukocidins), Intestinal toxins, Epithelial toxins. Alpha-toxin. Beta-toxin; Delta-toxin Gamma-toxin. Enterotoxins Exfoliative toxin Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)

Localized Cutaneous Infections Folliculitis Hidradenitis Furuncle . Carbuncle

Systemic Infections osteomyelitis

Toxigenic Staphylococcal Disease Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).

Staphylococcus epidermidis Skin commensal Has predilection for plastic material Ass. With infection of IV lines, prosthetic heart valves, shunts Causes urinary tract infection in cathetarised patients

Streptococcus Arrangement beadlike chains, spherical, rodlike, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, form capsules and slime layers,facultative anaerobes, production lactic acid, not form catalase, peroxidase Colonies small, nonpigmented, glistening. sensitive drying, heat, and disinfectants

STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES serious pathogen of humans, relatively strict parasite, inhabiting the throat, nasopharynx,

Cell Surface Antigens and Virulence Factors Surface antigens (carbohydrates, polysaccharides, teichoic acids) protect lysozyme defense. Lipoteichoic acid, for adherence to epithelialcells M-protein, resisting phagocytosis

Major Extracellular Toxins Streptolysins, two types are streptolysin O (SLO) and streptolysin S (SLS). (erythrogenic*) pyrogenic toxin. bright red rash typical of this disease,

Major Extracellular Enzymes Streptokinase, digestion of fibrin play a role in invasion. Hyaluronidase, spreading pathogen Streptodornase (DNase) hydrolyzing DNA.

Skin Infections pyoderma or erysipelas; pharyngitis or tonsillitis

Systemic Infections streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic* fever (RF), acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), carditis

Bacillus Aerobic, catalase-positive, not fastidious. habitat soil, medical importance B. anthracis, B. cereus,

Bacillus anthracis largest , bacterial pathogens, Nonmotile, rods, spores, virulence factors polypeptide capsule and exotoxins, cutaneous anthrax, pulmonary anthrax capillary thrombosis, cardiovascular shock. septicemia can cause death in a few hours. Gastrointestinal anthrax

Methods of Anthrax Control Penicillin, tetracycline, vaccine, effective vaccination requires six inoculations given over 11⁄2 years, with yearly boosters. Animals that have died from anthrax must be burned

Mycobacterium leprae Causa leprosy, acid-fast rods, cannot be grown on nutrient mediums or in cell cultures.

Diagnosis. nasal mucosa scrapings, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, polymerase chainreaction

Therapy Paucibacillary forms: dapson plus rifampicin six months. Multibacillary forms: dapson, rifampicin, and clofazimine two years.

Terima kasih

KUIS 1. SISTIM TUBUH DIBAWAH INI YANG TIDAK TERBEBAS DARI FLORA NORMAL,KECUALI ; A. Hidung B. nasopharyng C. anus D.paring E,bronkiolus

2. INFEKSI KUTANEUS YANG MENYEBABKAN INFLAMASI PADA FOLIKEL, KELENJAR DAN MENYEBAR ANTAR KELENJAR DAN FOLIKEL YANG LAIN ; A. FOLIKULITIS B. HIDRADENITIS C. FURUNKEL D,KARBUNKEL E.INFEKSI SISTEMIK

3. BERIKUT TERMASUK ENZIM DARI Staphylococcus aureus,kecuali ; A. Hialuronidase B. Nuklease C.Lipase D.Koagulase E,Hemolisin

4. Kemampuan fagositosis spesifik Streptococcus pyogenes sebagai patogen serius adalah ; A, M-protein B. Toksin pirogenik C. Streptolisin D.sam teikoat E.Polisakarida

5. Ensim ekstraseluler S.pyogenes yang berperan menghancurkan fibrin dalam rangka invasi ke jaringan ; A. Streptodornase B, Streptokinase C. Streptolisin S D.Toksin piogenik E.M-protein