PENDAHULUAN PRAKTIKUM UNIVERSITAS WIJAYA KUSUMA SURABAYA

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PENDAHULUAN PRAKTIKUM UNIVERSITAS WIJAYA KUSUMA SURABAYA LOO HARIYANTO RAHARJO,dr.,MSi UNIVERSITAS WIJAYA KUSUMA SURABAYA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DEPARTEMEN BIOKIMIA

WELCOME F.Y.WIDODO OLIVIA HERLIANI JUNIADI SOETOWO MASFUFATUN CHARLES KIMURA JUNIADI SOETOWO LOO HARIYANTO RAHARJO WELCOME F.Y.WIDODO OLIVIA HERLIANI

NEGARA ADA HUKUM MAKA AMAN & TENTRAM KELUARGA ADA ATURAN MAKA HARMONIS TUBUH ADA URUTAN METABOLISME MAKA SEHAT LABORATORIUM BIOKIMIA ADA TATA TERTIB MAKA MAHASISWA SUKSES

TATA TERTIB MAHASISWA DIBAGI MENJADI 2 KELOMPOK; KELAS C/D = KELOMPOK RABU KELAS A/B = KELOMPOK KAMIS MAHASISWA DIKELOMPOKKAN BERDASARKAN NPM (1 KELOMPOK = 5 MAHASISWA) TIDAK BOLEH PINDAH KELOMPOK APAPUN ALASANNYA. SEMUA MAHASISWA HARUS MEMBELI BUKU PETUNJUK PRAKTIKUM DI DEPARTEMEN/LABORATORIUM BIOKIMIA FK-UWKS.

TATA TERTIB SEMUA MAHASISWA YANG BELUM PERNAH MENGIKUTI PRAKTIKUM BIOKIMIA ATAU NILAI BIOKIMIA II = K (KOSONG) HARUS MENGIKUTI PRAKTIKUM BIOKIMIA. MAHASISWA HARUS HADIR DIDALAM LABORATORIUM PALING LAMBAT 5 MENIT SEBELUM PRAKTIKUM DIMULAI.

TATA TERTIB BAGI MAHASISWA YANG DATANG TERLAMBAT MAKA DIPERSILAHKAN PULANG & DIANGGAP TIDAK IKUT PRAKTIKUM PADA HARI TERSEBUT. PADA SAAT BERADA DIDALAM LABORATORIUM, MAHASISWA HARUS MEMAKAI JAS LABORATORIUM DAN MEMAKAI SEPATU TERTUTUP UJUNGNYA, BAGI YANG TIDAK MEMATUHI DIPERSILAHKAN PULANG DAN ANDA TIDAK BERHAK MENGIKUTI PRAKTIKUM.

TATA TERTIB SELAMA MAHASISWA MENGIKUTI KEGIATAN PRAKTIKUM MAKA HP HARUS DIMATIKAN (OFF),TIDAK DIPERBOLEHKAN MAKAN/MINUM, SERTA TIDAK BOLEH MEROKOK.

TATA TERTIB MAHASISWA DIDALAM LABORATORIUM HARUS DUDUK DI MEJA SESUAI DENGAN KELOMPOKNYA, TIDAK BOLEH YANG BERPINDAH-PINDAH TEMPAT. SETIAP AWAL PRAKTIKUM, MAHASISWA HARUS MENGUMPULKAN BUKU LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KE PEMBIMBING. BAGI MAHASISWA YANG TIDAK MENGERJAKAN LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM, MAKA DIHARUSKAN MEMBUAT SEBUAH PAPER YANG JUDULNYA DITENTUKAN PEMBIMBING DAN DIKUMPULKAN MINGGU DEPANNYA.

TATA TERTIB APABILA TUGAS PAPER TERSEBUT JUGA TIDAK DIKERJAKAN MAKA ANDA TIDAK DIPERKENANKAN MENGIKUTI PRAKTIKUM PADA HARI TERSEBUT. MAHASISWA HARUS MEMPERSIAPKAN DIRI SEBELUM PRAKTIKUM, YAITU DENGAN MEMBACA PENGETAHUAN YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN HAL YANG DIPRAKTIKUM-KAN. SETELAH SELESAI PRAKTIKUM SEMUA PERALATAN YANG HABIS DIPAKAI HARUS DIBERSIHKAN DAN DIKEMBALIKAN PADA TEMPATNYA.

TATA TERTIB ABSENSI MAHASISWA: DILAKUKAN SAAT PRAKTIKUM DAN DIAWASI OLEH PEMBIMBING. DIPERKENANKAN TIDAK HADIR MAKSIMAL 3 KALI. BILA LEBIH DARI 3 KALI MAKA TIDAK DIPERBOLEHKAN IKUT UJIAN BIOKIMIA II. SAKIT DENGAN/TANPA SURAT DOKTER TETAP DIANGGAP TIDAK HADIR. ACARA KELUARGA, ACARA KEAGAMAAN, ACARA LAINNYA TETAP DIANGGAP TIDAK HADIR.

TATA TERTIB APABILA MAHASISWA MEMECAHKAN PERALATAN LABORATORIUM: LAPORLAH PADA LABORAT/PEMBIMBING. GANTILAH PERALATAN YANG PECAH DENGAN MERK DAN BENTUK YANG SAMA. HARUS DIBAWA PADA PRAKTIKUM MINGGU DEPANNYA. APABILA MAHASISWA TERKENA BAHAN ASAM/BASA YANG BERBAHAYA: LAPORLAH PADA LABORAT/PEMBIMBING AGAR DAPAT DIBERIKAN PERTOLONGAN SEGERA.

TATA TERTIB PADA SETIAP AWAL PRAKTIKUM, DOSEN PEMBIMBING PRAKTIKUM AKAN MENERANGKAN CARA PELAKSANAAN PRAKTIKUM PADA HARI TERSEBUT. SELAIN ITU, DOSEN PEMBIMBING PRAKTIKUM JUGA AKAN MEMBERIKAN SUATU TRIGGER UNTUK DISKUSI MAHASISWA PADA TAHAP AKHIR PELAKSANAAN PRAKTIKUM PADA HARI TERSEBUT. MAHASISWA DIHARUSKAN UNTUK MEMBAWA LAPTOP (MINIMAL 2 BUAH LAPTOP UNTUK TIAP KELOMPOK MEJA PRAKTIKUM). MAHASISWA DIWAJIBAKAN MENJADI PENDONOR SAMPEL DARAH PADA SETIAP PRAKTIKUM YANG DAPAT DIATUR SECARA BERGILIRAN.

BENTUK LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM PRINSIP PERCOBAAN TEORI: HARUS DIISI OLEH MAHASISWA ALAT DAN REAGENSIA CARA KERJA HASIL PERCOBAAN: HARUS DIISI OLEH MAHASISWA DISKUSI: HARUS DIISI OLEH MAHASISWA JAWAB PERTANYAAN: HARUS DIISI OLEH MAHASISWA KESIMPULAN: HARUS DIISI OLEH MAHASISWA

SERIOUS 4 S STUDY SAFETY SUCCESS

BURETTE

GLASS BEAKER & labu Erlenmeyer Used for transferring liquid to another container or to transfer a small amount of reagent for use in procedures. Volume is not accurate, just an estimate. Features a conical base, a cylindrical neck and a flat bottom. They are marked on the side (graduated) to indicate the approximate volume of their contents.

TEST TUBE d

WATER BATH

Laboratory vortex-shakers

CENTRIFUGE

TYPES OF PIPETTES TD pipets will have an etched or colored ring at the top of the pipet. TC pipets will have no rings although there may be a colored bar to indicate the volume. Volumetric Measuring Mohr Serological

MICROPIPETTE

Technique Thumb grip There are two typical ways that people hold micropipets: the index finger grip, and the thumb grip Index finger grip

How does it work? It works much like a syringe that would deliver an injection. Inside there is a spring loaded piston that moves up and down. 2 7 8

2 7 8 The plunger has two stops: - at the First Stop the piston moves through the volume that is set on the pipette. (In this case 278μL) 2 7 8 278μL 2 7 8

- The second stop is extra travel used for certain circumstances like evacuating the tip, or drawing up more than the volume indicated on the pipette 2 7 8 278μL - Extra volume (? μL) 2 7 8

Setting Volume 200-1000 2 7 8 Set the correct volume on your micropipette by turning the adjustment knob (typically the plunger button). This pipette’s range is 200-1000 μL and is set to deliver 278μL 2 7 8

Setting Volume Settings can vary between models and manufacturer s. 20-100 2 7 8 Settings can vary between models and manufacturer s. This pipette’s range is 20-100 μL and is set to deliver 27.8μL However you might see the following readings for this exact setting on different pipettes: 2 7 8 The first two make the decimal places obvious, while the last one implies the tenths place if you know the range. 2 7 . 8 2 7 8

Setting Volume Settings can vary between models and manufacturer s. 1.00-10.00 2 7 8 Settings can vary between models and manufacturer s. This pipette’s range is 1-10 μL and is set to deliver 2.78μL However you might see the following readings for this exact setting on different pipettes: 2 7 8 2 .7 8 2 7 8 Some companies will change the color of the plunger button.

Attaching tip Be sure to choose the proper size tip.

Attaching tip 2 7 8 Press the pipette into the tip firmly to create an airtight seal.

Attaining a Sample STEP ONE – press plunger to first stop and hold. 2 7 8 HOLD

Attaining a Sample STEP TWO – Insert tip into sample only far enough to ensure it stays submerged but not to the bottom where it will get blocked 2 7 8 HOLD KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times

Attaining a Sample KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times STEP THREE – Allow plunger to return to the home position SLOWLY so you don’t draw in air bubbles, or splash sample up into tip or the pipette itself. 2 7 8 KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times

Attaining a Sample CORRECT Removed tip from sample before the plunger was all the way home Likely allowed the plunger to move to home too quickly.

Delivering the Sample KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times STEP FOUR – insert tip into the area you wish to deliver your sample. (in this case a gel for DNA fingerprinting) 2 7 8 KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times

Delivering the Sample KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times 2 7 8 STEP FIVE – depress the plunger slowly to the first stop, then continue to the second stop, this will evacuate the entire contents of the tip. And HOLD HOLD KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times

Delivering the Sample KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times STEP SIX – While still holding the plunger at the second stop. Withdraw the tip from the well. 2 7 8 HOLD KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times

Delivering the Sample KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times 2 7 8 STEP SEVEN – Allow the plunger to return home. KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times

Discarding the Tip WASTE KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times 2 7 8 STEP EIGHT – Place tip into the opening of the waste container, then depress the tip ejector. Tip Ejector Be sure to use a new tip each time. WASTE KEEP the pipette VERTICAL at all times

278 Things to AVOID !! Never use a pipette in anything but a vertical orientation.

Things to AVOID !! 278 Never use a pipette without a tip.

SPECTROPHOTOMETER Cuvette

SPECTROPHOTOMETER Cuvette RT-1904C Semi-auto Chemistry Analyzer

RT-1904C Semi-auto Chemistry Analyzer

RT-1904C Semi-auto Chemistry Analyzer Cuvette

RT-1904C Semi-auto Chemistry Analyzer

Photometry = pengukur cahaya Contoh: camera lightmeter. Cahaya : gelombang/enersi elektromagnetik dgn panjang gelombang tertentu. Sinar gamma krn reaksi nuklear dgn panj gelombang = 0,1 nm. Vis light = 380 – 750 nm. Spektrofotometer yg bagus dapat mengukur sinar 180/200 nm (daerah UV) – 1000 nm (daerah infra red).

Makin kebawah E makin kecil, V makin kecil dan l makin besar. Panjang gelombang pd beberapa sinar: Gamma < 0,1 nm X-ray 0,1-10 nm UV < 380 nm Vis 380-750 nm Infra-red > 750 nm Gel radio > 25 X 107 Makin kebawah E makin kecil, V makin kecil dan l makin besar. E = enersi V= frekuensi l = panjang gelombang.

Panjang gelombang beberapa sinar. Violet 400-435 nm. Blue 435-500 Green 500-570 Yellow 570-600 Orange 600-630 Red 630-700 nm.

BEER-LAMBERT LAW Ketika cahaya monokromatik (I0) melalui solusi yang berwarna, maka sejumlah cahaya yang diserap berkurang secara eksponensial (I) sebanding dengan: Panjang jalur / kolom cahaya melalui solusi (l) Tingkat zat terlarut dalam larutan (c).

BEER-LAMBERT LAW Cahaya dengan λ (panjang gelombang) tertentu mengenai kuvet dgn sampel warna tertentu, sebagian sinar akan diserap larutan sampel dan sisanya diteruskan ke detektor (=Transmittance). I1 / I o X 100% = % T Io = intensitas sinar yg mengenai sampel. I1 = intensitas sinar yg diteruskan oleh sampel. A = - log %T. A = Absorbance. Blank = bisa air/ larutan reagent kecuali sampel (I1= Io). Mempunyai T = 100% atau A = 0 Persamaan diatas bukan merupakan fungsi linier.

BEER-LAMBERT LAW A = k. c. l A= Absorbent, amount of light absorbed. k = Ectinction coefficient, absorption of a compound with high levels of 1 M, at certain wavelengths with a diameter of cuvette / length of the solution through which light is l cm. c = levels of the samples examined. l = cuvette diameter /length of the solution through which light = l cm. k and l are fixed numbers, then it means A is proportional to c.

Untuk menjadikan fungsi linier perlu perubahan sbb, A = - log I1 / Io. = - log T = a . b. c = K .c a = koef absorpsi sinar. b =l c = konsentrasi. Au / As = Cu /Cs Cu = Au / As X Cs Au = Absorbance sampel As = Absorbance standart Cu = Konsentrasi sampel Cs = Konsent standart.

ありがとうございます