Reaksi senyawa hidrokarbon Reaksi oksidasi Reaksi substitusi Reaksi adisi Reaksi eliminasi Reaksi polimerisasi

1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasi CH3-CH3 + 3/2 O2 → 2C + 3H2O CH2=CH2 + 2 O2 → 2C + 2H2O CH≡CH + 1/2 O2 → 2C + H2O CH3-CH3 + 7/2 O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O CH2=CH2 + 3 O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O CH≡CH + 5/2 O2 → 2CO2 + H2O

2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkana CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl CH3-CH3 +Cl2 → CH3-CH2Cl + HCl CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl CnH2n+2 + X2 → CnH2n+1X + HX

3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkuna a. Adisi hidrogen CH2= CH2 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH3 CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH2-CH3 CH≡CH + H2 Ni/Pt CH2=CH2 CH≡CH + 2H2 Ni/Pt 200˚c CH3-CH3

b. Adisi halogen CH2=CH2 + Br2 → CH2BR-CH2Br etena dibromoetana CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3 2-butena 2,3-diklorobutana CH≡CH + Br2 → CHBr=CHBr etuna dibromoetena CH≡ CH+ 2Br2 → CHBr2-CHBr2 etuna tetrabromoetana CH≡C-CH3 + Br2 → CHBr=CBr-CH3 propuna 1,2-dibromopropena CH≡C-CH3 + 2Br2 → CHBr2-CBr2-CH3 propuna 1,2-tetrabromopropana

c. Adisi asam halida Alkena simetris CH2=CH2 + HCl → CH3-CH2Cl etena kloroetana CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH3 2-butena 2-klorobutana CH≡CH + HCl → CH2=CHCl etuna kloroetena (vinilklorida) CH3-C≡C-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH=CCl-CH3 2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena

Aturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetris CH3-CH=CH2 + HCl → CH3-CH2-CH2Cl % <<<<< → CH3-CHCl-CH3 % >>>>> CH3-CH= CH-CH2 -CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3 % <<<<< → CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3 % >>>>>

d. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkuna CH2=CH2 + H2O H2SO4 300˚C 70 Atm CH3-CH2OH etena etanol CH≡CH + H2O H2SO4 60˚C CH3-CHO etuna etanal

4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana CH3-CH3 panas CH2=CH2 + H2 C3H8 panas CH2=CH2 + CH4

5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkuna CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 +…… → -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- etena polietena CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl +…… → -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl- kloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilklorida

Substitusi halogen pada alkana CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl propana kloropropana Adisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkuna CH3-CH2=CH2-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3CH2Cl-CH2Cl-CH3 etena 2,3-diklorobutana CH3-C≡C-CH3 + H2 → CH3-CH=CH-CH3 2-butuna 2-butena CH3-C≡C-CH3 + 2 H2 → CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 2-butuna butana

Adisi asam halida pada alkena CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3 3-heksena 3-kloroheksana = CH3-CH2-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3 3-kloroheksana CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3 2-pentena 2-kloropentena CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH3 1-butena 2-klorobutena

Uji diri

Adisi HCl pada 2-metil-1-butena Tuliskan hasil reaksi Adisi HCl pada 2-metil-1-butena Adisi HCl pada 4-etil-2-heksena