Discharge planning Richa Noprianty STIKes Dharma Husada Bandung.

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Discharge planning Richa Noprianty STIKes Dharma Husada Bandung

Pengertian Discharge planning merupakan Komponen sistem perawatan berkelanjutan, Bentuk pelayanan yang diperlukan secara berkelanjutan Bantuan perawatan yang berlanjut membantu klien dan keluarga dalam memecahkan masalah kesehatanya dg baik (Doenges & Housemore)

TUJUAN Memaksimalkan manfaat sumber pely. Kesh Meningkatkan kondisi kesehatan klien Mengurangi angka kekambuhan Meningkatkan kemampuan keluarga dalam perawatan klien Menurunkan beban perawatan keluarga Sebagai bahan pendokumentasian keperawatan ( Hester, Leimnetser)

Discharge planning When to start? What can patient /family do for themselves? Who is the best person to manage on-going care? What fits with patients lifestyle? What does the patient want? Do they really need additional services – just in case? What can be done prior to discharge? Fits = cocok Prior = sebelum

What is it like being a patient? Clinicians and hospital staff Patients and family members Are taught that discharge starts at admission but may not do this often Can feel as if they are being forced out of the hospital when you raise the idea of discharge starting at admission May not start to think about discharge until later in the stay May prioritize clinical care (e.g., wound care) at home May prioritize functioning and quality of life (e.g., activities and diet) May not know all the questions they should ask or what they need to know when they are home Have limited time for discharge planning May not understand all the written information they receive related to discharge May feel rushed on the day of discharge Want patient to succeed at home Want to know the name and phone number of the one person to call if they have problems Klinik : merencanakan untuk pulang dan tidak perlu untuk rawat inap Pasien : merasa dipaksa untuk keluar dari rs atau tidak mau kluar dr rs Strategy 4: IDEAL Discharge Training (Tool 4)

What is it like being a patient? ? (continued) [Insert 1 to 2 experiences from real patients or family members on what the discharge process feels like from the patient / family perspective, using: Live presentation or story Video Vignette or quote Preferably include at least one positive and one negative story (what worked well, what did not work well)] [This is an opportunity for hospitals to invite patient and family advisors or other patients and families to share their stories. They can do this in person, via a taped presentation, or in a written story.] Strategy 4: IDEAL Discharge Training (Tool 4)

What will we do to improve the discharge planning process? IDEAL Discharge Planning process and tools Discharge from hospital to home requires the successful transfer of information from clinicians to the patient and family to reduce adverse events and prevent readmissions. Engaging patients and families in the discharge planning process helps make sure this transition in care is safe and effective.   Let’s look at the IDEAL Discharge Planning process and overview [Refer to Tool 1] Strategy 4: IDEAL Discharge Training (Tool 4)

What is IDEAL Discharge Planning? Include the patient and family as full partners Discuss with the patient and family to prevent problems at home Educate the patient and family throughout the hospital stay Assess how well doctors and nurses explain the diagnosis, condition, and next steps in their care and use teach back Listen to and honor the patient and family’s goals, preferences, observations, and concerns This discharge process is for people who are going home, either on their own or with skilled or unskilled home care. IDEAL Discharge Planning emphasizes the key elements of engaging patients and families. Each element of IDEAL Discharge Planning has multiple components: Include the patient and family as full partners in the discharge planning process. Always include the patient and family in team meetings about discharge. Remember discharge is not a one-time event, but a process that takes place throughout the hospital stay. Identify which family or friends will provide care at home and include them in conversations. Discuss with the patient and family 5 key areas to prevent problems at home Describe what life at home will be like: Include home environment, support needed, what patient can or cannot eat, and activities to do or avoid Review medications: Use a reconciled medication list to discuss the purpose of each medicine, what and how to take it, and potential side effects. Highlight warning signs and problems: Identify warning signs or potential problems. Write down the name and contact information of someone to call if there is a problem. Explain test results: Explain test results to the patient and family. If test results are not available at discharge, let the patient and family know when they should hear about results and identify who they should call if they have not heard the results by that date. Make followup appointments: Offer to make followup appointments for patient and family. Make sure that the patient and family know what follow up is needed. Educate the patient and family in plain language about condition, discharge process, and next steps at every opportunity throughout the hospital stay. Getting all the information on the day of discharge can be overwhelming. That’s why discharge planning should be an ongoing process throughout the stay–not a onetime event. You can: Elicit the patient and family goals at admission and note how progress is being made each day in the hospital stay. Involve the patient and family in nurse change of shift report or bedside rounds. Share a written list of medicines every morning during the hospital stay. Go over medicines at each administration – what it is for, how to take it, and potential side effects. Encourage the patient and family to take over care practices to support their competence and confidence in caregiving at home. Assess how well doctors and nurses explain the diagnosis, condition, and next steps in the patient’s care to the patient and family—Use Teach Back. Provide information in small chunks and repeat key pieces of information throughout the hospital stay. Ask the patient and family to repeat what you said back to you in their own words to be sure that you explained things well. Listen to and honor the patient and family’s goals, preferences, observations, and concerns. Invite the patient and family to use the white board in the room to write questions or concerns throughout their stay. Ask open-ended questions to elicit the patient and family’s questions and concerns. Use the Tools 2a and 2b: Be Prepared to Go Home Checklist and Booklet, to make sure the patient and family feel prepared to go home. Schedule at least one meeting specific to discharge planning with the patient and family caregivers. Strategy 4: IDEAL Discharge Training (Tool 4)

LANGKAH-LANGKAH DISCHARGE PLANNING 1. PENGKAJIAN Mencakup pengumpulan dan pengorganisasian data klien Ketika melakukan pengkajian kepada klien, keluarga harus menjadi bagian dr unit perawatan Keluarga harus dilibatkan agar transisi perawatan dr RS ke rumah dapat efektif

STANDAR PENGKAJIAN Kebutuhan Persiapan Pulang Makan □ Bantuan minimal □ Bantuan total 2. B.A.B /B.A.K □ Bantuan minimal □ Bantuan total 3. Mandi 4. Berpakaian dan berhias

7. Pemeliharaan kesehatan Ya Tidak 5. Istirahat dan tidur □ Tidur siang lama : …… s/d ……. □ Tidur malam lama : …… s/d ……. □ Aktivitas sebelum / sesudah tidur…… 6. Penggunaan obat □ Bantuan minimal □ Bantuan total 7. Pemeliharaan kesehatan Ya Tidak Perawatan lanjutan □ □ Sistem pendukung □ □

8. Aktivitas di dalam rumah Ya Tidak Mempersiapkan makanan □ □ Menjaga kerapihan rumah □ □ Mencuci pakaian □ □ Pengaturan keuangan □ □ 9. Aktivitas di luar rumah Belanja □ □ Transportasi □ □ Lain-lain, Jelaskan…………………………………………….

VIII. Mekanisme koping Adaptif Maladaptif □ Bicara dg orla □ Minum alkohol □ Mampu menyelesaikan □ Reaksi lambat/ Masalah berlebih □ Tekhnik relaksasi □ Bekerja berlebihan □ Olah raga □ Mencederai diri □ Lainya :………….. □ Lainya :……………

IX. Masalah Psikososial □ Masalah dg dukungan kelompok, uraikan………. □ Masalah berhub dg lingkungan, uraikan…………. □ Masalah dengan pendidikan, uraikan…………….. □ Masalah dengan pekerjaan, uraikan………………. □ Masalah dengan perumahan, uraikan……………. □ Masalah dengan ekonomi, uraikan………………… □ Masalah dengan yan kesh, uraikan………………… □ Masalah lainya, uraikan…………………

X. Kurang Pengetahuan, tentang : □ Penyakit jiwa □ Sistem pendukung □ Faktor presipitasi □ Penyakit fisik □ Koping □ Obat-obatan □ Lainnya : …………………………………………………………………..

Cara melakukan pengkajian 1. Makan : Observasi dan tanyakan tentang frekuensi, jumlah, variasi, macam (suka / tidak suka, pantang), dan cara makannya Observasi kemampuan klien mempersiapkan makanan dan membersihkan alat makan. 2. BAB / BAK Observasi kemampuan pergi, menggunakan dan membersihkan WC Membersihkan diri dan merapikan pakaian

Mandi a. Observasi dan tanyakan tentang frekuensi, cara mandi, menyikat gigi, gunting kuku, cukur b. Observasi kebersihan tubuh dan bau badan Berpakaian a. Observasi kemampuan klien dlm mengambil, memilih dan menggunakan pakaian b. Observasi penampilan dandanan klien C. Obsrvasi dan tanyakan frekuensi ganti pakaian d. Nilai kemampuan yang harus dimiliki klien dalam mengambil, memilih dan mengenakan pakaian

Observasi dan tanyakan tentang : Istirahat dan tidur Observasi dan tanyakan tentang : a. Lama dan waktu tidur siang / malam b. Persiapan sebelum tidur mis : menyikat gigi, sholat, berdoa dll c. Aktivitas sesudah tidur mis : merapikan tempat tidur, mandi, sholat, menyikat gigi dll Penggunaan Obat Observasi & tanyakan kpd klien dan keluarga ttg : a. Frekuensi,dosis, waktu, cara pemberian b. Reaksi obat

Pemulihan kesehatan Tanyakan kepada klien dan keluarga ttg : a. Apa dan bagaimana pemberian perawatan lanjut b. Siapa saja sistem pendukung yang dimiliki (teman, intitusi, yan.kesh) dan cara penggunnaanya. 8. Aktivitas di dalam rumah Tanyakan kemampuan klien : a. Merencanakan, mengolah dan menyajikan makanan b. Merapikan rumah ( menyapu, mengepel ) c. Mencuci baju d. Mengatur biaya kebutuhan sehari-hari

IX. MEKANISME KOPING X. MASALAH PSIKOSOSIAL Menanyakan kpd klien dan keluarga apa yang biasa dilakukan jika klien sedang punya masalah, Beri tanda √ X. MASALAH PSIKOSOSIAL Data diperoleh dengan wawancara dengan klien dan keluarga

Diagnosa Keperawatan Didasarkan pada pengkajian discharge planning Dikembangkan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan klien dan keluarga Keluarga merupakan bagian penting karena akan memberi dampak thd klien Menentukan masalah keperawatan tsb aktual atau potensial merupakan hal yang penting

Diagnosa keperawatan yang mungkin Persiapan pasien pulang □ Perubahan pemeliharaan kesehatan □ Perilaku mencari bantuan kesehatan □ Sindroma Defisit Perawatan Diri □ Perubahan eliminasi urine / feces □ Kerusakan penatalaksanaan pemeliharaan rumah □ dan lain- lain

MK : Mekanisme koping □ Kegiatan penyesuaian □ Koping individu tidak efektif □ Koping individu tidak efektif ( koping defensif) □ Koping individu tidak efektif (kopingmenyangkal) □ Dan lain-lain

MK : Data psikososial □ Perubhan pemeliharaan kesehatan □ Perubahan peran □ Peerilaku mencari bantuan □ Gangguan konsep diri □ Ketidakberdayaan □ Keputusasaan □ Dan lain-lain

MK : Data Kurang Pengetahuan □ Perilaku mencari bantuan kesehatan □ Ketidakpuasaan □ Regimen therapiutik tidak efektif □ Kurang pengetahuan ( specifik )

PERENCANAAN Memerlukan identifikasi kebutuhan yg spesifik agar program pengajaran kpd klien baik Luverne & Barbara : METHOD yaitu : Medication ( obat ) Environtment Treatment Health Teaching Outpatient referral Diet

1. MEDICATION ( OBAT ) Klien dan keluarga perlu diberitahu jenis obatnya dan manfaat masing –masing obat, dosis, waktu pemberian serta efek samping yang mungkin timbul serta upaya penanganannya Klien dan keluarga harus menjaga keteraturan minum obat Klien dan keluarga harus meminum obat sesuai aturan

2. ENVIRONMENT Klien kembali ke dalam lingkungan aman Lingkungan harus dikondisikan agar mampu menerima klien apa adanya, Lingkungan tidak mengucilkan Tidak membuat “stempel”, tidak kasar Lingkungan harus mendukung pemulihan klien gangguan jiwa ( memberi aktivitas positif )

3. TREATMENT Klien perlu kontrol secara teratur dlm wkt yg cukup lama Perlu didiskusikan bagaimana pengelolaan obat di rumah Jika klien dan keluarga tidak memungkinkan memberikan obat pe os secara teratur apakah perlu seseorang petugas berkunjung ke rumah untuk memberikan obat dengan cara lain ( misal injeksi dengan obat long acting ) Klien dan keluarga juga harus di jelaskan bahwa obat-obat yang diberikan bermanfaat bagi pemulihan gangg jiwa klien ( shg tidak perlu ke orang pintar dll)

4. Health Teaching Keluarga diberitahu apa yang terjadi pada klien ( tanda dan gejala, fx predisposisi & presipitasi) Keluarga harus diajarkan bagaimana merawat klien gangguan jiwa di rumah Klien dan keluarga perlu diberitahu bagaimana mempertahkan kesehatanya. Klien dan keluarga perlu dijelaskan tanda-tanda munculnya gejala, dan tindakan apa yang harus dilakukan

5. OUTPATIENT REFERAL Klien dan keluarga harus tahu kemana saja bisa kontrol Keluarga perlu dijelaskan bagaimana cara membawa klien ke RS jika klien kambuh Keluarga perlu dijelaskan persyaratan administrasi jika menggunakan asuransi kesehatan ( BPJS, askes dll )

6. DIET Tidak ada diet khusus bagi klien gangguan jiwa Namun jika gangguan jiwanya disertai penyakit fisik maka klien perlu juga melakukan pengaturan makanannya.

IMPLEMENTASI Adalah pelaksanaan rencana pengajaran dan referal. Seluruh pengajaran yang dilakukan harus didokumentasikan.

EVALUASI Evaluasi terhadap klien dan keluarga biasanya dilakukan pada saat klien kontrol di RS. Pada bulan pertama dan kedua klien perlu kontrol 2 kali sebulan, dan selanjutnya 1 kali sebulan. Keberhasilan discharge planning didasarkan pada : Derajat penyakit Keteraturan kontrol dan kepatuhan minum obat Efek samping obat Kemampuan aktivitas harian klien Tersedianya support system

I will ask you nicely … please fill in your referrals correctly or else: