AGROFORESTRY

Agroforestry (ICRAF 1982) Agroforestry denotes a sustainable land and crop management system that strives to increase yields on a continuing basis, by combining the production of woody forestry crops (including fruit and other tree crops) with arable or field crops and/or animals simultaneously or sequentially on the same unit of land, and applying management practices that are compatible with the cultural practices of the local population.

Definisi alley cropping Merupakan metode penanaman tanaman pangan diantara tanaman pagar (hedgerow) yang ditanam searah garis ketinggian (kontur) menurut jalur dalam barisan (Dirjen Tanaman Pangan,1992)

Tujuan : Mengatasi cekaman lingkungan (kekeringan) Mencegah erosi dan aliran permukaan Mghasilkan mulsa dan BO Pendaur-ulangan hara dari lap. Bawah ke atas Menekan pertumbuhan gulma (Cholil et al,1993; Kang et al,1984)

Tujuan : Sbg pakan ternak Tan pagar akan melindungi tan. Pokok dr serangan angin kencang (Dirjen tan pangan,1992; Effendi dan Suwarjo,1990) Tan pagar scr berangsur-angsur bisa membentuk teras alami Meningkatkan prod. Tan pangan pd musim ketiga (Irianto et al,1993)

Alley Cropping Long-term goal = food crop Trees in hedgerows Crops in alleys Trees pruned reduce shading green mulch Legumes favored

PENGERTIAN Adalah usaha integrasi tan. pangan, hutan, rumput dan leguminosa pakan ternak dalam suatu lahan Tujuan : - produksi tanaman pangan, pakan ternak dan kayu bakar - pelestarian hutan

Lereng gunung - tan. Pangan di lantai lereng (teras) - silvipasture (hutan + padang gembala) - bag. slope/miring di lereng hutan - penahan erosi/penguat teras == konservasi lahan

Penggunaan Stylo pada sistem ini Meningkatkan prod. Tan. Pangan 6-26 % Meningkatkan produksi HMT 6- 16 % Membasmi weeds Meningkatkan kesuburan tanah (Singh,1989) Pengintegrasian tan. legum harus tepat supaya tidak mengganggu sistem produksi pertanian.

Sistem ini  Us. Tani yg LESTARI (Sustainable Farming System) Hijauan tersedia sepanjang tahun Meningkatkan stabilitas produksi ternak Meningkatkan pendapatan petani

Sistem ini byk dipraktekkan di seluruh dunia krn : - Bersifat MUTUALISME antara tan. Pangan, hutan dan ternak = meningkatkan INCOME petani

Wildcrafting: medicinal plants                                                                                                         http://www.hardingsginsengfarm.com/golden.htm http://www.hardingsginsengfarm.com/cultivate.htm GOLDENSEAL: lowers blood pressure, antibacterial (antiseptic), tonic for inflammation and wounds, ringworm GINSENG: (from China) - stimulation, added energy, sense of well being (panacea for maintaining good health) American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)

Evaluating Success of Agroforestry Crop yield: competitive reduction usually greater than facilitation effects Complementarity of yield: non-tree and tree products with high value (timber, fruit) Moderately reduced crop yield compensated by: High value product from tree component Long term sustainability of crop yield Reduced costs of external inputs Environmental services/quality (financial return?)