Artificial Intelligence Andrea Danyluk For FPS 2/2/04

Today we’ll discus: Intelligence Artificial Intelligence A brief history of AI Cool current projects in AI

What’s involved in Intelligence? Ability to interact with the world (speech, vision, motion, manipulation) Ability to model the world and to reason about it Ability to learn and to adapt

Goals in AI To build systems that exhibit intelligent behavior To understand intelligence in order to model it

Modeling people? Sometimes But sometimes we want AI systems to be better and smarter than we are

A Brief History of AI 1943: McCulloch and Pitts propose a model of artificial neurons 1956 Minsky and Edmonds build first neural network computer, the SNARC

The Dartmouth Conference (1956) John McCarthy organizes a two-month workshop for researchers interested in neural networks and the study of intelligence Agreement to adopt a new name for this field of study: Artificial Intelligence

Enthusiasm: Arthur Samuel’s checkers player Shakey the robot Lots of work on neural networks

Reality: AI problems appear to be too big and complex Computers are very slow, very expensive, and have very little memory (compared to today)

Knowledge-based systems: Birth of expert systems Idea is to give AI systems lots of information to start with

AI in industry: R1 becomes first successful commercial expert system Some interesting phone company systems for diagnosing failures of telephone service

1990s to the present: Increases in computational power (computers are cheaper, faster, and have tons more memory than they used to) An example of the coolness of speed: Computer Chess

Computer Chess 2/96: Kasparov vs Deep Blue –Kasparov victorious: 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss 3/97: Kasparov vs Deeper Blue –First match won against world champion –512 processors: 200 million chess positions per second How do you think it works???

Cool things AI is doing now

Robotics Mars rover Humanoid robots group/ Entertainment robots Vacuum cleaner robots: “Roomba”

Machine Learning Looking for patterns in vast amounts of data that is just too big for humans to analyze [c4.5 demos]

Lanuage Systems Automatic translation You type, it types back

Speech Systems Movie ticket reservations by phone Fandango You talk, it types IBM’s ViaVoice

Vision Systems Face recognition and enhancement Automated driving - No Hands across America Visual tracking systems mos/.index.html

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