SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN

2 Manajer sebagai Pengguna Sistem Informasi Manajer berada pada berbagai tingkatan manajerial dan dengan berbagai area bisnis perusahaan Pada tingkatan mana IS dikembangkan untuk memberikan pengaruh bagaimana IS dapat beroperasi (lihat gambar) Tiga tingkatan utama manajemen: 1. Tingkat Perencana Strategis 2. Tingkat Pengendali Manajemen 3. Tingkat Pengendali Operasi

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5 Peran Manajer Fungsi Manajemen : ◦Plan (Perencanaan) ◦Organize (Pengorganisasian) ◦Staff (Penyusunan Staf) ◦ Direct (Pengarahan) ◦Control (Pengendalian) (Gb 1.13) Peran Manajerial: ◦Kerangka Mintzberg’s dibentuk dari 10 peran yang dimainkan para manajer, mengelompokkan ke dalam hubungan antar pribadi, informasi, dan aktivitas-aktivitas pembuatan keputusan (lihat Table 1.1)

Three Main Categories of Information Systems 1. Operational-level systems 2. Management-level systems 3. Strategic-level systems

1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) 2. Management Information Systems (MIS) 3. Decision-Support Systems (DSS) 4. Executive-Support Systems (ESS) Four Major Types of Systems

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Basic business systems that serve the organization’s operational level Input: Transactions, events Processing: Sorting, listing, merging, updating Output: Detailed reports, lists, summaries Users: Operations personnel, supervisors

A symbolic representation for a payroll TPS

Typical applications of TPS

Management Information Systems (MIS) Serve management level; provide reports and access to company data Input: Summary transaction data, high-volume data, simple models Processing: Routine reports, simple models, low-level analysis Output: Summary and exception reports Users: Middle managers Four Major Types of Systems

How management information systems obtain their data from the organization’s TPS

A sample report that might be produced by the MIS in Figure 2-5

Decision-Support Systems (DSS) Serve management level with data analysis for making decisions Input: Low-volume data or massive databases, analytic models, and data analysis tools Processing: Interactive, simulations, analysis Output: Special reports, decision analyses, responses to queries Users: Professionals, staff managers

Voyage-estimating decision-support system

Executive Support Systems (ESS) Provide communications and computing environment that serves the organization’s strategic level Input: External and internal aggregate data Processing: Graphics, simulations, interactive Output: Projections, responses to queries Users: Senior Managers

Model of a typical executive support system

Interrelationships among systems

Systems from a Functional Perspective Major Business Functions 1. Sales and Marketing Systems 2. Manufacturing and Production Systems 3. Finance and Accounting Systems 4. Human Resource Systems

Systems from a Functional Perspective Help identify customers Develop products and services Promote products and services Sell products and services Provide ongoing customer support Sales and Marketing Systems

Systems from a Functional Perspective Table 2-2: Examples of Sales and Marketing Information Systems SystemDescriptionOrganizational Level Order processingEnter, process, and track orders Operational Pricing analysisDetermine prices for products and services Management Sales trend forecasting Prepare 5-year sales forecasts Strategic

Planning, development, production of products and services Planning, development, maintenance of production facilities Acquisition, storage, availability of materials Scheduling materials, facilities, labor Controlling the flow of production Manufacturing and Production Systems

Table 2-3: Examples of Manufacturing and Production Information Systems SystemDescriptionOrganizational Level Machine controlControl the actions of machines and equipment Operational Production planning Decide when and how many products should be produced Management Facilities locationDecide where to locate new facilities Strategic