SEJARAH IPA (IPA 236) Rahayu Dwisiwi S.R.

Berbagai pendekatan mempelajari sejarah IPA: Antara lain mengacu pada: 1. Waktu (tahun/abad) 2. Penemu 3. Materi IPA 4. Wilayah (negara/benua) 5. Peradaban 6. Gabungan di antara 1-5

Periode I: … – 1550 M 1. Thales of Miletus 2. Phythagoras 3. Anaxagoras 4. Empedocles 5. Leucippus 6. Demokritus 7. Aristot eles 8. Aristarchus 9. Archimedes 10. Claudius Ptolemeus 11. Al-Haitam 12. Al-Biruni 13. Roger Bacon 14. Nicolaus Copernicus

Periode II: 1550 M – 1800 M 1. Galileo Galilei 2. Johan Kepler 3. Otto Von Guericke 4. Evangelista Torricelli 5. Blaise Pascal 6. Robert Boyle 7. Christian Huygens 8. Issaac Newton 9. Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit 10. Benjamin Franklin 11. Joseph Black 12. James Watt 13. Benjamin Thomson 14. Alessandro Volta

Periode III: 1880 M – 1890 M 1. Thomas Young 2. Andre Marie Ampere 3. George Simon Ohm 4. Gay Lussac, Joseph Louis 5. Michael Faraday 6. James Prescott Joule 7. James Cleck Maxwell 8. Thomas Alva Edison 9. John Tyndall 10. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius 11. Lord William Thomson Kelvin 12. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 13. John William Strutt Rayleigh

Periode IV: 1890 M – 1925 M 1. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen 2. Nikola Tesla 3. Joseph John Thomson 4. Max Karl Ernest Ludwig Plank 5. Piere Curie dan Marie Curie 6. Antoine Henri Becquerel 7. Hendrik Antoon Lorentz

Periode IV: 1890 M – 1925 M 8. Albert Einstein 9. Ernest Rutherford 10. Markis Gogleelmo Marconi 11. Charles Thomas Rees Wilson 12. Francis William Aston 13. Robert Andrews Milikan 14. Louis Victor Duc De Broglie

Periode V: 1890 M – 1925 M 1. Werner Heisenberg 2. Otto Hahn 3. George Paget Thomson 4. Enrico Fermi 5. Arthur Holly Compton 6. Jean Frederic Joliot Curie 7. Erwin Schrodinger 8. Hans Albert Bethe 9. Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen

Pendekatan lain: 1. IPA masa permulaan: pada masa peradaban Babilonia, Athena, periode Alexandrian, Roma. 2. IPA masa peradaban Cina, India, Arab (Islam), Eropa. 3. Revolusi IPA pada abad 16 dan IPA pada abad IPA pada abad IPA pada abad 20

Akhirnya kita dapat: Membandingkan perkembangan IPA pada masa-masa permulaan. Membandingkan perkembangan IPA pada masa-masa permulaan. Menjelaskan perkembangan ilmu: Menjelaskan perkembangan ilmu:  Astronomi,  Fisika,  Kimia,  Biologi. dari masa ke masa/abad ke abad. dari masa ke masa/abad ke abad.

Referensi: A. Wajib: 1. Ronan, C.A.. (1982). Science: Its History and Development Among the World’s Cultures. New York: Facts on File Piblications. 2. Spangenburg, R. & Moser, D.K. (2004). The Age of Synthesis 1800 – New York: Fact on File Piblications.

B. Anjuran: 1. Williams, H.S. & Williams, E.H. (2002). A History of Science. 2. Mason, S.F. (1962). A History of the Sciences. New York: The Crowell-Collier Publishing Co. 3. Zhmud, Leonid (2006). The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity. New York: Walter de Gruyter. 4. Heilbron, J.L. (2005). The Oxford Guide to the History of Physics and Astronomy. USA: Oxford University Press, Inc.