Isu lingkungan Challenges to a life-sustaining earth, that can allow humans to live an abundant life ?

Hazards Metereological and geophysical: gempa, gunung meletus Biological: malaria, kaki gajah Man-made: polusi dari transportasi dan industri

Development Intentional and planned activities to change the environmental equilibrium from a low quality level to an improved one, low and improved quality being looked upon from the point of view of man In the development process efforts must be made to preserve the ability of the environment to carry out its ecological functions to sustain the improved quality of life

Risks of development Perkembangan demographic Globalisasi Perkembangan teknologi Perubahan struktur sosial dan ekonomi

Demographic development Faster growth in human consumption – Available resources – Level of pollution and waste – Extinction of species – Human life in crowded cities

Wealthy, high-energy, high consumption societies : poor/very poor societies Highest levels of consumption, resource use and emission : low standar of living Thus, the pressures on the earth come from two directions: from indulgent rich and multiplying poor

Globalisasi: risiko berpasangan dan berangkai (sistemik); in many cases, interdependencies tidak lagi banyak dipengaruhi spatial proximity – International trade – Transpor – Worldwide production system

Perkembangan teknologi - menghasilkan risiko lain GMO – medical use or food Penggunan tenaga nuklir – kesehatan Mobile phones – electromagnetic fields Chemically based technology (e.g. flourine) – berguna untuk gigi tetapi dalam jumlah besar beracun

Perubahan struktur sosial dan ekonomi, efek pada: – pengaturan prosedur dan institusi pengelola dan penilai risiko – Pelibatan badan-badan internasional Ditambah pengaruh media

Penyebaran risiko Local nature and global ones – Local/regional: soil (erosion, salinization, aciditification, exhaustion), longsor, puting beliung, penurunan permukaan tanah, flood, polusi udara and air, and acid deposition – Transboundary: air pollution

Local/regional scale environmental problems Soil Climate and vegetation cover Wind Water Hujan asam, acidity of soils Penggurunan Soils have become a dump for human waste products, terutama toxic wastes Spread of disease pathogens

Polusi udara dan air Nir-materi, a.l. kebisingan, bahang (heat), bau Materi terjadi apabila laju produksi limbah lebih tinggi daripada kemampuan lingkungan untuk mengasimilasi atau/dan mengangkut limbah

Penyebaran pencemaran udara dan air Udara memiliki aspek lokal, regional, dan global; tersebar oleh angin – Rokok, dapur, mobil – Transpor Pencemaran air mempunyai batas yang jelas, misalnya di sebuah danau atau melalui aliran sungai – Rumah tangga – Irigasi – Industri

Kecenderungan Urbanisasi Pengkotaan desa Konversi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan nir- pertanian

City-scale environmental problems – Urban smog – Polluted waterways – Limbah – Peri-urban resources degradation In recent trends, urban middle classes and elites rising out of the overcrowded city and unsanitary slums

Kasus-kasus Kasus yang ada di daerah anda?