Pembelajaran Kreatif di Perguruan Tinggi

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Transcript presentasi:

Pembelajaran Kreatif di Perguruan Tinggi Oleh: Dr. Moh. Mahfud Effendi Pelatihan PEKERTI Bagi Dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang BKMA, 22-23 Februari 2013

KREATIF ?? Kompetensi Lulusan Rencana Pembelajaran Implementasi SKL SI/SP Sumber Cara Evaluasi Implementasi Sumber SI Mhs Dosen Evaluasi

Optimal Adaptability Corridor The Dimension of Adaptive Expert Inovasi, Rutin, dan Kreatif Frustrated Novice Expertise pada dimensi efficiency: (1) kemampuan mengajar tanpa banyak melibatkan sumberdaya, (2) bersifat rutin, tidak suka perubahan dan inovasi. Dosen yang inovatif tapi tidak efisien: frustrated novice. Sangat efisien tanpa inovasi: routine expert. Efisiensi dan inovasi bersifat antagonis, bersifat komplemen jika ada kreatifitas. Dosen yang adaptive expert adalah dosen yang kreatif. (Linda, 2005) The creative process is collaborative (Mary RJ, 2003) Adaptive Expert Innovation Optimal Adaptability Corridor Routine Expert Efficiency The Dimension of Adaptive Expert

A Framework for Teacher Learning Learning Community Understanding Content, pedagogy, students, and social contexts (the knowledge, methods, purposes, and learning and development) Practices Developing, practicing, and enacting (how to engage in instructional activities such as discussions, debates, explanation, feedback) Vision Images of the possible (a set of images of good practice that inspire and guide practice) Dispositions Habits of thinking and action (reflection, inquiry, persistence in working) Tools Conceptual and practical resources for use (theoretical tools such as learning theory; practical tools) persistence: ketekunan,

Aspect of individual differences: Sprinthall and Sprinthall,1974 Physical Personality Intelligence Creativity

Taksonomi Anderson, 2001 Cognitive Process Knowledge Dimension Remember Understand Analysis Synthesis Evaluation Apply Creation Factual Knowledge Conceptual Knowledge Procedural Knowledge Meta Cognitive

Guilford’s creative traits Idea Product Process Guilford’s creative traits Fluency Flexibility Originality

Prinsip pembelajaran Chinese proverb: Tell me and I will forget Show me and I will remember Involve me and I will understand

Teori Belajar Pendekatan Model Strategi Metode Teknik Behavorism: perubahan tingkah laku  S-R Cognitivism: Perubahan Persepsi dan Pemahaman  proses, interaksi ConstructivismPemaknaan pengetahuan proses hasil konstruksi., interaksi Pendekatan Sudut pandang guru terhadap proses pembelajaran Teacher-centered approach, student-centered approach, dan material -centered approach. Model Representasi realitas yang disajikan dengan struktur & urutan tertentu Blue print bentuk pembelajaran Strategi Rencana kegiatan untuk mencapai sesuatu Metode Cara untuk melaksaanakan strategi dalam mencapai sesuatu (prosedural) Teknik Jalan atau alat untuk mencapai sesuatu (Implementatif)

Sumber Belajar Media Alat Peraga Sumber Belajar Kreatif?? Segala sesuatu yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber informasi pembelajaran Sumber Belajar Sarana/perantara komunikasi Media Alat visualisasi konsep tertentu, hardware Alat Peraga Sumber Belajar Kreatif??

Teknologi di tangan guru yang buruk bisa lebih berbahaya Revolusi TIK Apa saja Siapa saja Dimana saja Kapan saja Revolusi Belajar Self-service learning Mana yang mempenga-ruhi dan dipengaruhi? Bagaimana memanfaat-kannya? Apakah efektif? Teknologi di tangan guru yang buruk bisa lebih berbahaya

Penggunaan TIK dalam Pengajaran Computer Assisted Interaction (CAI) Computer Managed Learning (CML) Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) e-learning berbasis jaringan

Model Pembelajaran yg Memanfaatkan TIK dLearning eLearning mLearning

Infrastructure/ network Proses… Content Hardware: computer Software Interaction Strategies Infrastructure/ network

Skenario e-Test Siswa lain Siswa e-Audio/video e-Teachers e-Library URL Address e-Test

Prospek Interaktif Pembelajar independen Sumber belajar mendunia Penilaian dan umpan balik dapat dilakukan kapan dan dimana saja Kolaborasi untuk meningkatkan komunitas belajar

Strategi TIK sebagai tempat belajar TIK sebagai media pembelajaran TIK sebagai sumber pembelajaran TIK sebagai pengembangan profesional

Tahapan Pemanfaatan Aktif Pasif Presentasi (typing, slides, video, streaming) Pengumpulan Informasi (search engine, url address, multi media forms Interaksi & Komunikasi (e-mail, threaded discussion, chatting or real time discussion, bulletin board, discussion group, tutorial and simulation) Produksi (offline products, web-based products) Pasif

The Visualiser/ Document Camera Plus Minus The Visualiser/ Document Camera (1) Memperbaiki daya ingat/ konsentrasi, (2) Mudah menjelaskan, (3) Interaktif dan menyenangkan (1) Masalah pengaturan dan pengoperasian, (2) Mahal, (3) Dosen dgn kemampuan minim akan sulit

Daftar Pustaka Linda Darling-Hammond et.al,.2005, Preparing Teachers For A Changing World: What teachers should learn and be able to do?. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. San Fancisco Mary Renck Jalongo. 2003. The Child’s Right to Creative Throught and Expression. Indiana Unversity of Pennsylvania Shu Ching Yang and Wen Chaun Lin. The Relationship Among Creative, Critical Thinking and Thinking Styles in Taiwan High School Student. Journal of Intructional Psychology Vol.31 No.1 2006 Anderson, at al., 2001, Taxonomi for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing, San Francisco. Sprinthall, RC and Sprinthall, NA. (1974). Educational Psychology: A Development Approach. USA: Addison-Wesley

Semoga Bermanfaat…, Terima Kasih.