Rasio profitabilitas terdiri dari dua jenis rasio yang menunjukkan laba dalam hubungannya dengan: penjualan investasi.

Jenis- jenis rasio Profitabilitas (menurut Munawir): Profit margin (profit margin on sales) Hasil Pengembalian Investasi (Return on investment) Hasil Pengembalian Ekuitas (Return on Equity/ROE) rentabilitas ekonomi Laba Per Lembar Saham Biasa (Earning per Share of Common Stock)

Profit Margin 1. Gross Profit Margin Sales X 100% Seberapa efektif perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba kotor dari setiap rupiah penjualannya?

Ilustrasi : X 100% Gross Profit = Margin Gross Profit Sales 575_ 1,450 Neraca LMT Trustco Ilustrasi : Cash 175 Accounts Payable 115 Accounts Receivable 430 S-T Notes Payable 115 Inventories 625 Current Liabilities 230 Current Assets 1,230 Bonds 600 Plant & Equipment 2,500 Owner’s Equity Less:Acc. Depr. (1,200) Common Stock 300 Net Fixed Assets 1,300 Capital in Excess of Par 600 Total Assets 2,530 Retained Earnings 800 Total Owners’ Equity 1,700 Total Liabilities and Owners Equity 2,530 Laporan Laba/Rugi LMT Trustco Sales 1,450 Cost of Goods Sold 875 Gross Profit 575 Operating Expenses 45 Depreciation 200 Net Operating Income 330 Interest Expense 60 Income Before Taxes 270 Taxes (40%) 108 Net Income 162 Common Dividends Paid 100 Addition to Retained Earnings 62 Gross Profit = Margin Gross Profit Sales X 100% 575_ 1,450 Gross Profit Margin = = 39.7%

2. Operating Profit Margin Operating Income Sales X 100% Seberapa efektif perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba operasi dari setiap rupiah penjualannya?

Ilustrasi : Operating Profit = Margin Operating Income X 100% Sales Neraca LMT Trustco Ilustrasi : Cash 175 Accounts Payable 115 Accounts Receivable 430 S-T Notes Payable 115 Inventories 625 Current Liabilities 230 Current Assets 1,230 Long-term Debt 600 Plant & Equipment 2,500 Owner’s Equity Less:Acc. Depr. (1,200) Common Stock 300 Net Fixed Assets 1,300 Capital in Excess of Par 600 Total Assets 2,530 Retained Earnings 800 Total Owners’ Equity 1,700 Total Liabilities and Owners Equity 2,530 Laporan Laba/Rugi LMT Trustco Sales 1,450 Cost of Goods Sold 875 Gross Profit 575 Operating Expenses 45 Depreciation 200 Operating Income 330 Interest Expense 60 Income Before Taxes 270 Taxes (40%) 108 Net Income 162 Common Dividends Paid 100 Addition to Retained Earnings 62 Operating Profit = Margin Operating Income X 100% Sales 330_ 1,450 OPM = = 22.8%

3. Net Profit Margin Net Income X 100% Net Profit Margin = Sales Seberapa besar laba bersih yang dihasilkan dari setiap rupiah penjualannya?

Ilustrasi : X 100% Net Profit = Margin Net Income Sales 162_ 1,450 Neraca LMT Trustco Ilustrasi : Assets Liabilities Cash 175 Accounts Payable 115 Accounts Receivable 430 S-T Notes Payable 115 Inventories 625 Current Liabilities 230 Current Assets 1,230 Long-term Debt 600 Plant & Equipment 2,500 Owner’s Equity Less:Acc. Depr. (1,200) Common Stock 300 Net Fixed Assets 1,300 Capital in Excess of Par 600 Total Assets 2,530 Retained Earnings 800 Total Owners’ Equity 1,700 Total Liabilities and Owners Equity 2,530 Laporan Laba/Rugi LMT Trustco Sales 1,450 Cost of Goods Sold 875 Gross Profit 575 Operating Expenses 45 Depreciation 200 Operating Income 330 Interest Expense 60 Income Before Taxes 270 Taxes (40%) 108 Net Income 162 Common Dividends Paid 100 Addition to Retained Earnings 62 Net Profit = Margin Net Income Sales X 100% 162_ 1,450 Net Profit Margin = = 11.2%

Total investasi(asset) Return on investment ROI = Net Income Total investasi(asset) X 100% Seberapa efektif perusahaan menghasilkan laba bersih dari aktiva yang digunakannya?

Ilustrasi : X 100% 162_ 2,530 = 6.4% ROA = Net Income ROI = Neraca LMT Trustco Assets Liabilities Ilustrasi : Cash 175 Accounts Payable 115 Accounts Receivable 430 S-T Notes Payable 115 Inventories 625 Current Liabilities 230 Current Assets 1,230 Long-term debt 600 Plant & Equipment 2,500 Owner’s Equity Less:Acc. Depr. (1,200) Common Stock 300 Net Fixed Assets 1,300 Capital in Excess of Par 600 Total Assets 2,530 Retained Earnings 800 Total Owners’ Equity 1,700 Total Liabilities and Owners Equity 2,530 Laporan Laba/Rugi LMT Trustco Sales 1,450 Cost of Goods Sold 875 Gross Profit 575 Operating Expenses 45 Depreciation 200 Operating Income 330 Interest Expense 60 Income Before Taxes 270 Taxes (40) 108 Net Income% 162 Common Dividends Paid 100 Addition to Retained Earnings 62 ROI Net Income Total Assets = X 100% 162_ 2,530 ROA = = 6.4%

Return on Equity Net Income X 100% Return on Equity = Common Equity Seberapa baik perusahaan menghasilkan laba bersih untuk pemegang ekuitas?

Ilustrasi : X 100% 162_ 1,700 ROE = = 9.53% ROE= Net Income Neraca LMT Trustco Assets Liabilities Ilustrasi : Cash 175 Accounts Payable 115 Accounts Receivable 430 S-T Notes Payable 115 Inventories 625 Current Liabilities 230 Current Assets 1,230 Long-term Debt 600 Plant & Equipment 2,500 Owner’s Equity Less:Acc. Depr. (1,200) Common Stock 300 Net Fixed Assets 1,300 Capital in Excess of Par 600 Total Assets 2,530 Retained Earnings 800 Total Owners’ Equity 1,700 Total Liabilities and Owners Equity 2,530 Laporan Laba/Rugi LMT Trustco Sales 1,450 Cost of Goods Sold 875 Gross Profit 575 Operating Expenses 45 Depreciation 200 Operating Income 330 Interest Expense 60 Income Before Taxes 270 Taxes (40%) 108 Net Income 162 Common Dividends Paid 100 Addition to Retained Earnings 62 ROE= Net Income Common Equity X 100% 162_ 1,700 ROE = = 9.53%

Rentabilitas Ekonomi EBIT Total aktiva X 100% Seberapa efektif perusahaan menghasilkan laba bersih dari aktiva yang digunakannya?

Ilustrasi : X 100% 330_ 2,530 = 13,04% RE = EBIT = RE Total Assets Neraca LMT Trustco Assets Liabilities Ilustrasi : Cash 175 Accounts Payable 115 Accounts Receivable 430 S-T Notes Payable 115 Inventories 625 Current Liabilities 230 Current Assets 1,230 Long-term debt 600 Plant & Equipment 2,500 Owner’s Equity Less:Acc. Depr. (1,200) Common Stock 300 Net Fixed Assets 1,300 Capital in Excess of Par 600 Total Assets 2,530 Retained Earnings 800 Total Owners’ Equity 1,700 Total Liabilities and Owners Equity 2,530 Laporan Laba/Rugi LMT Trustco Sales 1,450 Cost of Goods Sold 875 Gross Profit 575 Operating Expenses 45 Depreciation 200 Operating Income 330 Interest Expense 60 Income Before Taxes 270 Taxes (40) 108 Net Income% 162 Common Dividends Paid 100 Addition to Retained Earnings 62 RE EBIT Total Assets = X 100% 330_ 2,530 RE = = 13,04%

Rasio Nilai Pasar (Market value ratios) Earning Per share /EPS Laba Bersih EPS = --------------------------- x 1 rupiah Jumlah Lembar saham beredar __________________________________________

EPS(Laba /lbr saham) Laba Bersih Lbr Saham Rp. 162 100 lbr Rp.1,62 Neraca LMT Trustco Assets Liabilities Cash 175 Accounts Payable 115 Accounts Receivable 430 S-T Notes Payable 115 Inventories 625 Current Liabilities 230 Current Assets 1,230 Long-term Debt 600 Plant & Equipment 2,500 Owner’s Equity Less:Acc. Depr. (1,200) Common Stock 300 Net Fixed Assets 1,300 Capital in Excess of Par 600 Total Assets 2,530 Retained Earnings 800 Total Owners’ Equity 1,700 Total Liabilities and Owners Equity 2,530 Laporan Laba/Rugi LMT Trustco Sales 1,450 Cost of Goods Sold 875 Gross Profit 575 Operating Expenses 45 Depreciation 200 Operating Income 330 Interest Expense 60 Income Before Taxes 270 Taxes (40) 108 Net Income 162 Common Dividends Paid 100 Addition to Retained Earnings 62 EPS(Laba /lbr saham) Laba Bersih Lbr Saham Rp. 162 100 lbr Rp.1,62 EPS =