Penilaian Kualitas 3. Estimasi kandungan energi Eko Widodo

a. Imbangan C dan N Tujuan: mengetahui jumlah protein dan lemak dalam tubuh Misal: Bahan Jumlah Nitrogen Karbon masuk keluar masuk keluar Makanan 6988g hay 56, , g bk kelapa 21, ,6 -- Ekskreta 16619gfeses -- 33, ,7 4357g urin -- 33, ,2 4730g CO ,2 142g methan ,6 Retensi 11, ,6

Perhitungan: Jml protein yg diretensi 11,1 x 100/16,65 = 66,66g Jml C dalam protein 66,66 x 52,54/100 = 35g Total C yang masih tersedia 46,6 – 35 = 11,6 Lemak mengandung 76,5% C, jml lemak diretensi  11,6 x 100/76,5 = 15,2 Protein tubuh 16,65%N Protein tubuh 52,54%C

b. Bomb kalorimeter Gross energy Fecal energy (10-35% konsentrat) (20-60% hijauan) Digestible energy Urine + gaseous energy (5-12%GE) Net energy MaintenanceProduction Total heat production Metabolizable energy Heat increament

Maintenance energy Aktivitas bebas Metabolisme basal Panas untuk menjaga tubuh hangat Energi untuk menjaga tubuh dingin

Production energy Pertumbuhan Bulu Telur Susu Wool kerja

4. Penilaian kualitas protein Non-ruminansia a.protein efficiency ratio (PER) - syarat: konsumsi kalori harus cukup, kandungan protein cukup namun tidak berlebihan - kelemahan: asumsi kenaikan BB adalah proporsional thd konsumsi protein - spesifik untuk masing2 ternak

b. Biological value (BV) Protein yang diretensi tubuh N intake – (faecal N + urinary N) BVa = x 100% N intake – faecal N

N intake – (faecal N- MFN) – (urinary N EUN) BVt = x 100% N intake – faecal N dimana: UEN : urinary endogenous N MFN : metabolic faecal N

Contoh: Konsumsi pakan6000g N dalam pakan1,043% N dalam urin32800g UEN 22g MFN10,7g N dalam feses20,9g 62,6 - (20,9 – 10,7) – (32,8 –22,0) BV = x 100% 62,6 - (20,9 – 10,7) BV = 79% 1,043 x 6

c. Replacement value (RV) (Ks N1 – KsN2) x 100 RV = KsN1 dimana: KsN1 : keseimbangan N ransum test KsN2 : keseimbangan N ransum standar

Contoh: Intake N jagung 50g Intake N telur 50 g Keseimbangan N jagung = 19 (+19) Keseimbangan N telur = 25 (+25) RV= 100 – {(25-19) x 100} 50 RV= 88%

Protein Equivalent (PE) PE = {%DCP + %DTP}/2 DTP: digestible true protein Digestible Crude Protein %DCP = CP intake – CP faeces x 100% CP intake

Chemical score Without conducting animal experiment Taking the first limiting amino acid For example lysine content in egg and wheat were 7.2 and 2.7 percent respectively So, the chemical score of wheat protein is 2.7/7.2 x 100 = 37 Comparable to the values obtained by biological value for protein in pig, rats and humans but not with poultry.

Essential amino acids index (EAAI) EAAI= n 100a x 100b x ……100j A B J Dimana: n: the number of amino acids a,b,….j: percentage of essential aa in the food protein A,B, …J: percentage of essential aa in the standard egg protein

Ruminansia a. Estimasi DCP (digestible crude protein) %DCP = (%CP x 0,9115) – 3,67 b. Percobaan keseimbangan N Positive N balance Negative N balance

5. Perhitungan Ekonomis Jagung PK 9% EM 2980kcal/kg 2000/kg Bk kelapa PK 21% EM 2200kcal/kg 1200/kg Harga per % PK Jagung = 2000/9 = 222,22 Bk kelapa = 1200/21 = 57,14 Harga per kcal EM Jagung = 2000/2980 = 0,671 Bk kelapa = 1200/2200 = 0,545

Jagung 9% PK 2800kcal/kg EM 2000/kg Tp ikan 60%PK 2400kcal/kg EM 10000/kg Bandingkan sb energi dan sb energi Sb protein dg sb protein