MARKET STRUCTURE PPasar terdiri dari seluruh penjual dan pembeli aktual dan potensial dari suatu produk SStruktur Pasar : Lingkungan persaingan dimana penjual dan pembeli beroperasi
Types Of Market Perfectcompetition Imperfect Competition Monopoly Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Number of sellers ManyManyFewSingle Type Product HomogenousDifferentiatedHomogenousDifferentiated No close substitution (Unique) MobilityResourcesEasy Very Hard Knowledge About market condition Perfect knowledge Only Monopolist have knowledge
PERFECT COMPETITION Penentuan Harga Banyak penjual dan pembeli Setiap penjual / pembeli merupakan bagian kecil dari pasar sehingga tidak dapat mempengaruhi pasar (harga produk) Setiap firm = price taker
Market supply Market demand 1,0003,000 Price $ Quantity MarketFirm Individual firm demand Market Demand Versus Individual Firm Demand Curve Price $ Quantity
PERFECT COMPETITION Penentuan Harga QPTRARMR XXX P = MR = AR
Graphing TR P Q o $ TRQSQS Quantity of Corn CORN
PERFECT COMPETITION SHORT RUN ANALYSIS MAXIMIZE PROFIT TERCAPAI BILA FIRM MEMPRODUKSI THE BEST LEVEL OF OUTPUT, YAITU KETIKA : MR = MC d Π = d (TR) - d (TC) = 0 dQ MR – MC = 0 MR = MC d (PQ)/dQ = P, maka MR = P = MC FIRST ORDER CONDITION FOR PROFIT MAXIMIZATION
P Q 45 ATC d =P = MR 4 MC ● E ● A 35 ● B ● C PERFECT COMPETITION SHORT RUN ANALYSIS SUPERNORMAL PROFIT THE BEST LEVEL OF OUTPUT 3 OPTIMUM OUTPUT AVC ● H SHUTDOWN POINT 15
PROFIT PROFIT (Π) = TR – TC –T–TR > TC Abnormal Profit/ Super normal profit –T–TR = TC Normal Profit –T–TR < TC Loss
TCTR 0 Total cost, revenue $ Quantity Profit Determination Using Total Cost and Revenue Curves Maximum profit =$81 $130 Loss Profit Profit =$45 McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved Normal Profit
(a) Profit (b) Normal profit (c) Loss Determining Profits Graphically Quantity Price D MC AP = MR B ATC AVC E Profit C MC ATC AVC MC ATC AVC Loss P = MR Price © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Irwin/McGraw-Hill
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