THE DEVELOPMENT OF VICTIMOLOGY IN INDONESIA By Fachri Bey, SH. MM.Ph.D Member of WSV, Former Dean Faculty of Law University Esa Unggul Senior Lecturer of Victimology in University of Indonesia and University of TRISAKTI Indonesia

VICTIMOLOGY Is the scientific study of crime victims, focuses on the physical, emotional, and financial harm people suffer at the hands of criminals.

VICTIMOLOGY Is the scientific study of victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system that is, the police and courts, and corections officials,

Count. And the connections between victims and other social groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses and social movements. (wikipedia.com)

VICTIM RALPH DE SOLA : VICTIM IS PERSON WHO HAS INJURED MENTAL OR PHYSICAL SUFFERING, LOST OF PROPERTY OR DEATH RESULTING FROM AN ACTUAL OR ATTEMTED CRIMINAL OFFENSE BY ANOTHER.

VICTIM COHEN : VICTIM WHOSE PAIN AND SUFFERING HAVE BEEN NECLECTED BY THE STATE WHILE IT SPENDS IMMENSE RESOURCES TO HUNT DOWN AND PUNISH THE OFFENDER WHO RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT PAIN AND SUFFERING.

THEORY ABOUT THE VICTIMOLOGY VICTIMS OF CRIME (Hans von Hentig, Schafer, Fattah VICTIMS OF EVERYTHING (Mendelsohn) SPECIAL VICTIMS GENERAL VICTIMS PENAL VICTIMS

COUNT. CONVENTIONAL UNCONVENTIONAL (Mardjono) Basic structure (Kirchhoff) DEALING WITH : Victims Victimizations Reaction to both

History of victimology Victimology as an academic terminology contains two elements : One is the Latin word “Victima” translates into “victim” The other is the Greek word “logos” means a system of knowledge, the direction of something abstract, the direction of teaching, science, discipline.(Kirchhoff 2005-42) Victim means a person harmed by a crime, tort, or other wrongful act .(Black Law Dictionary:1999) Victims are persons threatened, injured or destroy by an act or omission of another man/structure,organization/institution. (Separovic, 1969)

Wellknown victimologist Hans von Hentig, Benyamin Mendelshon, Paul Cornil,W.H. Nagel, Michael O’Connell, Hidemichi Morosawa, Israel Drapkin, John P.J. Dussich, Gerd Ferdinand Kirchhoff ,Ezzat Fattah, Zvonimir Paul Separovic, Paul C. Friday, Elias Neuman, Robert Elias, Irvin Waller, Sarah Ben David, Kerr, Reif, Marlene A.Young, Hans Joachim Schneider, Sahetaphy, Mardjono Reksodiputro, Arif Gosita and so on.

Victim of Crime Victims means persons who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative with in member state, including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power. (UN Declaration 1985 on Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power)

1764 Cecare Beccaria in Milan introduces “modern” criminal law. 1923 Edwin H. Sutherland : wrote “Criminology” had the title “The Victims of Crime”. 1929 “There is a book on victims” by J.R. Fuguora & D. Tejera, F.Pla. 1937, March 29th, Hans von Hentig & Benyamin Mendelshon in a paper presented to a meeting of the Psychiatric Society in Bucharest Rumania, gave the outline of a new social science which he called “Victimology”. 1941 Hans von Hentig wrote and published a paper “ Remarks on the Integration of Perpetrator and Victim” 1947 Mendelsohn wrote a paper “ New Bio-psycho-social Horizons : Victimology”

1948 Hans von Hentig published his book : “The criminal and His Victim” The first textbook published that wrote on crime of victims. 1954 Ellenberger made a study about psychological relationship between the criminal and his victim 1958 Mendelshon : Six demands published, serve as a classical example of the vision of new science,own journal, own institute, own international society, own international simposia, and own victimological clinics.

1963 Criminal Compensation Act Compensation New Zealand 1964 United States, UK and Australia. Margaret Fry fight for a new criminal law system. 1966 California State Compensation Act. Japan Criminal Indemnity Law. 1967 Canada Criminal Compensation Injuries Act. Cuba before Castro, and Swiss. 1967 Stephan Schafer introduced the terminology of compensation.

1970 International Congress of Criminology VI established organisation of victimology. 1973 The First Simposia of Victimology in Jerusalem. Prof.DR.Israel Drapkin wrote a paper ; “Critical Reasoning alone barren” 1974 ISC the first international recommended for Victimology 1975 Criminal Compensation Act in Holland 1976 Emilio Viano edited The First Journal of Victimology and published. 1976 The Second Simposia of Victimology in Boston USA. 1979 The Third Simposia of Victimology in University of Wesphalia Germany.

1985 UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. The Declaration deals with these basic principles : Remedies to assist victims in their need information. Participation of the victim in the criminal justice process Restitution by the offender Compensation by the State Acces to victim assistance. 1986 Robert Elias published his book and the volume about The politics of Victimization ; Victims, ; Victimology and Human Right. In symposium WSV 2012 in Den Haag, --- next UN Convention

Victimology in Indonesia 1982 First Lecture of Victimology in Faculty of Law University of Indonesia, by Dr. Arif Gosita SH MANY FACULTY OF LAW in Jakarta and others in Indonesia take Victimology in the curriculum Faculty of Law.Unpad, Undip, UNAIR UI, Trisakti, Atmajaya, Pancasila, UEU,

Count. Seminar of Victimology in University of Diponegoro Semarang Seminar of Victimology in University of Airlangga Surabaya. Many books about Victimology wrote by Arif Gosita, Sahetapy, Mardjono Reksodiputro, Topo Santoso and so on on.

Seminar & Post Graduate Course Socialization Law No. 13/2006 UI, Minister of Justice. and Human Right Seminar Anti Trafficking UI, UKM Seminar UI, UKM, Univ. Udayana Post Graduate Course LPSK & UI Seminar UEU & UKM Seminar Anti Coruption UEU

Count. Criminology UI and LPSK : Reparation and Compensation in Restorative Justice System. Wrote this book in 2011. Class of Victimology, Student participation for Victimology Lecture Visited many prisons in Indonesia

Count. Indonesia ratifying /adopted the UN 1985 Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power Many laws,regulations and acts published in Indonesia to give the protections for the victims.

Laws, act, regulation on victim and witness The constitution 1945 and 4th amandements Law no. 7/1984 ratifying CEDAW Law no. 39/1999 on Human Right Law no. 23/2002 on Child Protection Law no. 23/2004 in the Elimination of Domestic ViolenCE Law no. 15/2003 on Anti Terorist

Count. Law no. 21/2007on Elimination of Human Trafficking, no.24/2007 Disaster. Law no. 13/2006 on Witness & Victims Protection. Law No. 26/2000 H.Right Court. Many Presidential Decrees, Government Regulations had published in Indonesia.

THE CONDITION In many criminal cases, The attention and protection of the law enforcement authorities give only to the offender, however, the victims get minor attention. The victims suffered harm : Physical or mental injury Emotional suffering Economic loss Substantial impairment of the fundamental rights.

Formulation of the law, regulation, act, thinking, are dedicated only to the offenders, about how to guarantee their rights, how to educate/ train them properly in correctional institution, how to protect their rights before the police officers, district attorney as well as in trial process before the judge

The public prosecutor/district attorney tend to be extremely careful in indicting the accused, in as much they are controlled frequently by the lawyer of accused.

The rights of the victims of crime have never been thinking seriously nor to provide them the proper and adequate treatment by the law enforcement authorities.

example A robbery case inside the Cab: a girl back home from work. She takes an unloaded cab. However, when the cab is driven along the street suddenly somebody appears from the front seat next to the driver. He/ she threat,assault, and picks up her valuable goods. The driver is his companion so he also take part in this crime by raping the girl. At the end, the girl was found fainted due to the raping and assaulting series.

People who found her somewhere along the street side, take her to the hospital subsequently and she soon get medical treatment and psychological trauma treatment respectively. She bear her own costs since nobody pay attention or afford to bear her costs.

The rape trauma of the victims Insomnia, menstruation disorder,headache Stress, afraid with aids, vd,difficult concentrating, feling out of control Self blaming, pscychosomatic Suicidal impulses, depression Hate/phobi to male, frigid, no libido Become lesbian, change sex orientation Phobi to everything relation with the rape She suffered physical harm, mentality harm, and material/ financial harm. So the victims need carring, preventing, protecting, assisting, reducing suffering and restituting (Sessar 1986 919)

In criminal justice system victims always abuse and neglect. Okamura claims that the official system has used and abused the victims with out giving proper rights’ Victims want participation and they are clear about : 1. they way a seat in the court room 2. they want acces to the files 3. they want to have their own interets in criminal proceedings acknowledged (Kirchhoff 2005 -63)

Reiff 1979 wrote about a couple husband and wife, rober and torture in New York. No one help them. They suicide in they apartment and leave a paper : we don’t want to live in fear anymore.

The lawyer of the offenders tend to (always) talk about the human rights protection of the offender which render the public prosecutor feel uncertain.

The scope of Victimology not only in criminal law and criminology field but has been developed to other fields as well. Criminology - offender oriented Victimology - victim oriented

Conventional victims Victims of robery Victims of rape Victims of murder Victims of deception Victims of assault/battery Victims of torture

Inconventional victims Victims of technology Victims of environment pollution Victims of traffic accident Victims of apartheid Victims of slavery Victims of trafficking Victims of genocide Victims of organized crime Victims of terrorist Victims of crime against human right Victims of malpractice Victims of disaster

The victimologist in the past and in the present time come from different academic or professional backgrounds – from sociology or from law, from psychiatry or from psychology, from social work, and from management, (Kirchhhoff 2005-42), also environment/ecology, nursing, criminology and so on.

Victimology was born from its ‘mother’, namely Criminology. Historically, victimology bloomed in criminology (Kirchhoff 1995-37)

In many countries victimology icluded Indonesia, are treated not only as a new knowledge , a new emerging field, but also as a “terra incognita” (undiscovered land)

After sixty years (from 1940s) victimology has established itself both as a perspective and a viable force in the evaluation of criminal justice system around the world.

Through the activities of the World Society of Victimology, international symposia, and courses, there has been considerable information and idea generated regarding victimology.

BENTUK BENTUK VIKTIMISASI DLM TINDAK PIDANA 19 Maret 2013

PENGERTIAN PP No. 2 thn 2002: Korban adalah orang perseorangan atau kelompok orang yang mengalami penderitaan sebagai akibat pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yg berat yg memerlukan perlindungan fisik, dan mental dari ancaman,gangguan, teror, dan kekerasan dari pihak manapun. UU PKDRT , UU no. 23/2004 ps 1/3 : Korban adalah orang yang mengalami kekerasan dan/atau ancaman kekerasan dalam lingkup rumah tangga.

UU NO. 13/2006 TTG PERLIN DUNGAN SAKSI DAN KORBAN KORBAN ADALAH SESEORANG YG MENGALAMI PENDERITAAN FISIK, MENTAL, DAN/ATAU KERUGIAN EKONOMI YG DIAKIBATKAN OLEH SUATU TINDAK PIDANA

PENGERTIAN KORBAN MENURUT UU 21/2007 TTG PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG KORBAN ADALAH SESEORANG YG MENGALAMI PENDERITAAN PSIKIS, MENTAL, FISIK, SEKSUAL, EKONOMI, DAN /ATAU SOSIAL, YANG DIAKIBAT KAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG.

UU NO 24/2007 TTG PENANGGULANGAN BENCACA KORBAN BENCANA ADALAH ORANG ATAU KELOMPOK ORANG YG MENDERITA ATAU MENINGGAL DUNIA AKIBAT BENCANA.

PENGERTIAN Victimology terdiri dari kata victim dan logy Victim berasal kata viktima yang berarti korban. Sedangkan logy dari kata logos yang berarti pengetahuan ilmiah, ilmu, kata atau suatu study. Dalam perundang-undangan Indonesia sudah ada juga dirumuskan tentang pengertian korban tersebut.

PENGERTIAN PP No. 3 thn 2002 tentang Kompensasi, Restitusi, dan Rehabilitasi thd korban HAM berat : Korban adalah orang perse orangan atau kelompok orang yg menga lami penderitaan baik fisik, mental maupun emosional, kerugian ekonomi, atau mengalami pengabaian, pengurangan atau perampasan hak-hak dasar nya, sebagai akibat pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yg berat,termasuk korban adalah ahli warisnya. UU No. 27 Thn 2004 KOMISI KEBENARAN DAN REKONSILIASI

Pengertian dari Deklarasi PBB Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for victim of crime and abuse of power : “Victims” means persons who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss, or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are violation of criminal laws operative within Member States, including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power.

Pengertian UU 13/2006 tentang perlindungan saksi dan korban : Korban adalah seseorang yg mengalami penderitaan fisik maupun mental serta kerugian ekonomi yg diakibatkan oleh suatu tindak pidana.

Manfaat mempelajari Viktimologi Viktimologi mempelajari hakekat siapa korban yg memungkinkan muncul konsep konsep untuk preventif dan represif. Viktimologi memberikan pengertian yg lebih baik tentang korban akibat tindakan manusia yg dapat menimbulkan penderitaan mental, fisik,sosial dan finansial. Bukan menyanjung korban tapi memberikan penjelasan tentang kedudukan/peran korban dan hubungan antara pelaku dan korban serta memperhatikan tentang hak-hak korban. Viktimologi memberikan keyakinan bahwa setiap individu mempunyai hak dan kewajiban. Viktimologi memperhatikan viktimisasi oleh korporasi transnasional dengan effek politik, sosial, ekonomi. Viktimologi memberikan dasar pemikiran untuk mengatasi masalah bantuan, kompensasi, restitusi dan rehabilitasi bagi korban.

FAKTA YG ADA SAAT INI Perhatian dan perlindungan yg diberikan terhadap hak-hak korban korban sangat kecil dibandingkan dengan perhatian dicurahkan terhadap perlindungan Hak Asasi para pelaku kejahatan Dapat dikatakan saat ini lebih cenderung: Offender Oriented, tapi masyarakat menginginkan lebih Victim Oriented

Rumusan KUHP, KUHAP, UU, dan peraturan pelaksana lainnya dalam proses penanganan kejahatan mulai dari penyidikan, penuntutan, pera dilan dan pelaksanaan hukum sanksi, Hak-hak korban hampir tidak mendapatkan perhatian secara proposional

Para penyidik sangat hati-hati dalam tindakan terhadap tersangka pelaku kejahatan dengan adanya external control yang ketat yaitu dari pembela/ pengacara pelaku. Perlindungan hak asasi yg membuat sikap penyidik menjadi ragu-ragu dalam mengantisipasi kejahatan. Viktimologi tidak membatasi diri pada ruang lingkup hukum pidana dan kriminologi saja tapi sudah berkembang jauh ke berbagai arah sesuai perkembangan dunia, teknologi, ilmu pengetahuan, hukum dan ilmu hukum serta perkembangan kehajatan itu sendiri. Akhirnya viktimologi mencuat keluar dari induknya kriminologi yg mencurahkan perhatian lebih banyak kepada korban. Setelah adanya Undang-undang Saksi dan korban : UU No

Korban konvensional Korban konvensional adalah korban yang diatur tindak pidana tersebut dalam KUHP seperti pencurian, pembunuhan, +mutilasi penganiayaan, perkosaan, penipuan, pemerasan, , penghinaan, pemalsuan, pencemaran nama baik, pencabulan, dll.

Korban Unkonvensional Munculnya berbagai bentuk korban baru sebagai akibat tindak pidana : Kejahatan komputer–cybercrime hacker, UU IT Kejahatan politik (korbannya lebih besar dari korban kejahatan konvensional. Kejahatan thd lingkungan,rusaknya ekologi polusi, Bophal, Chernobyl, Cilincing, Buyat UU Lingkungan Kejahatan di bursa efek –saham palsu, internal trader Kejahatan thd konsumen, barang , kosmetik , obat, vcd/dvd palsu UU Perlindungan Konsumen UU Pengadilan HAM Kejahatan perdagangan senjata baik senjata konvensional maupun nuklir.

Kejahatan perdagangan curang Kejahatan narkotik, zat adiktif. UU Narkotik dan Zat Adiktif. Kejahatan pajak dan perbankan UU Pajak, UU Perbankan Kejahatan terorganisir-organized crime, Triad, Yakuza, Mafia. Kejahatan penularan HIV/AIDS, penyakit menular. UU Kesehatan Kejahatan “merokok” PERDA Kejahatan perdagangan bebas Kejahatan thd pengguna bantuan, JPS, BBM, bencana. UU Anti Korpsi Korban yg bertalian dg modernisasi seperti korban lalulintas, korban media elektronik, UU Lalulintas, UU Penerbangan, Hukum Laut. Korban globalisasi, kaburnya batas negara, TV global , internet,VCD, DVD porno yg merusak moral bangsa. UU Pers, Multimedia, UU Anti Pornografi Korban UU senjata api.

Korban obat-obatan (thalidomit) zat pewarna, penyedap makan an, Korban White Collar Crime dan Abuse of Power.Civil Service Korban Malpraktek, Aborsi, UU Praktek Kedokteran Korban Military Crime (penjara di Iraq,wartawati Italy) UU Hankam Korban Police Crime (California) UU Kepolisian Korban Terorist, Korban perang UU Anti Teorist, UU Humaniter Korban bencana – Disaster victim UU Penanggulangan Korban anak – Fedofilia UU Perlindungan Anak, UU KDRT Korban Trafficking UU Anti Perdagangan manusia Korban Budaya Korban Lansia UU Lansia Mutilasi/sunat untuk perempua UU Kesehatan, UU HAM, UU Perlindungan anak Eutanasia/bunuh diri

SEJARAH VIKTIMOLOGI 1941 Von Hentig menulis makalah “ Remarks on the Integration of Perpretrator and victim.” 1947Mendelson menulis “ New Bio Psycho Sosial Horizons: Victimology. Istilah victimology mulai dipakai. 1948 Von Hentig menulis : “ The criminal and his victim “ Ia mengata kan bahwa korban berperanan dalam menimbulkan kejahatan. 1954 Ellenberger mempelajari tentang hubungan penjahat dan korbannya.

1963 di Selandia Baru mulai berlaku UU Criminal injures compensation act 1963. 1964 USA,Australia,Inggris idem 1975 Belanda idem 1980 Jepang idem 1970 Kongres keenam Internatinal Society of Crimino logy, gagasan lahirnya viktimology 1973 Simposium Viktimologi pertama di Jerusalem 1976 Simposium kedua di Boston. Penerbitan pertama majalah ilmiah khusus viktimologi.

Cuba sebelum Castro juga sudah mempunyai compensa tion injures act. Swiss juga mulai memberikan ganti rugi baik dari pelaku maupun dari negara. Di Nederland, India, Pakistan, Jerman, Australia, Norwegia, Finlandia, Selandia baru, jika pelaku tidak sanggup memberikan ganti rugi, maka negara yg membayar.

1966 Negara Bagian California mulai memberika kompensasi Di Jepang disebut Criminal Indemnity Law. 1985 PBB menerbitkan Deklarasi tentang korban. 1967 Australia, New South Wales membuat aturan ganti rugi, Queenland 1970, Western Australia 1970, Tasmania 1974.

1979 Simposium ketiga di univ. Wesphalia Jerman. Kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut diatas merupakan puncak perjuangan dan perhatian yg sudah lama untuk perhatian tersendiri lebih besar kepada korban suatu delik. Tokoh-tokoh Viktimologi : Hans Von Hentig, Benyamin Mendelshon, Paul Cornil, W.H.Nagel

Dalam kongres PBB ke VIII di Havana Kuba dirumuskan mengenai : Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders” bahwa dalam pembangunan dapat menjadi bersifat Kriminogen dan viktimogen apabila pembangunan itu :

FAKTOR KRIMINOGEN/ VIKTIMOGEN Tidak direncanakan secara rasional atau direncanakan tapi timpang/tidak seimbang. Mengabaikan nilai-nilai kultural dan moral masyarakat Tidak mencakup Strategi perlindungan masyarakat secara menyeluruh dan integral Aspek kebijakan sosial tentang penggarapan masalah kesehatan jiwa masyarakat baik individu maupun keluarga tidak ditangani dengan baik.

JENIS-JENIS KORBAN Korban ganda Korban murni Korban semu Korban lemah mental Korban lemah ekonomi Korban lemah fisik Korban lemah sosial Korban anak

Penelitian tentang korban Peranan korban dalam terjadi nya delik Hubungan pelaku dg korban delik Sifat mudahnya diserang korban Kemungkinan menjadi “residivis” Peranan Korban dlm spp Ketakutan korban thd kejahatan Sikap korban thd peraturan dan penegakan hukum.

Deklarasi PBB Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power : Victim of crime Acces Justice & Fair Treatment Restitution Compensation Assistance Abuse of Power

Korban bencana AKIBAT YG DIHADAPI MAYAT DIMANA-MANA BERGELETAKAN,PERLU ALAT ANGKUT, LISTRIK PEMBUNGKUS,KAIN KAFAN DLL. MANUSIA YG HIDUP MEMERLU KAN BANTUAN SEGERA, PERLU PERALATAN UNTUK PENYELA MATAN, MAKANAN ,AIR/MINUMAN TEMPAT BERTEDUH, PAKAIAN, OBAT, DAN ORANG YG MENDAMPINGI, MENIMBULKAN PENGUNGSI YG JUMLAHNYA RIBUAN. BANTUAN DATANG TAPI TAK TERANGKUT. LSM JALAN SENDIRI2 PENGUNGSI KELAPARAN,SAKIT, MAYAT MEM BUSUK,RIBUAN ANAK HILANG/DITEMUKAN SIAPA YG BERTANGGUNG JAWAB? SUDAH 60 TH MERDEKA NEGARA RI KELIHA- TAN BELUM SIAP UNTUK MENGHADAPI BENCANA SELANJUTNYA.

Korban Aceh

KORBAN SAMPIT

INDONESIA NEGARA RAWAN BENCANA BANJIR,KEBAKARAN HUTAN, ASAP, KEKERINGAN GEMPA,TSUNAMI,GUNUNG MELETUS,TANAH LONGSOR ANGIN PUYUH KONFLIK,HURUHARA KAPAL TENGGELAM PESAWAT TERBANG JATUH KECELAKAAN KERETA API

KESIAPAN NEGARA LAIN JEPANG (Disaster Management Act) AMERIKA SERIKAT – Federal Emergency Management Agency GUJARAT STATE Disaster Management Policy SOUTH AFRICA Disaster Management Act Queensland Disaster Management Act 2003

BIDANG KERJA PENANGANAN BENCANA MENGENAL DAN MEMANTAU GEJALA MENCEGAH GEJALA MENJADI ANCAMAN MERAMALKAN KEMUNGKINAN KEJADIAN MENURUNKAN KERENTANAN TERMA- SUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENINGKATKAN KESIAPAN UNTUK MERESPON KEMUNGKINAN BENCANA MEMBUAT SISTEM PERINGATAN DINI YG EFEKTIF.

TIDAK TERHINDARKAN : MENYUSUN KONTIJENSI MENYUSUN RENCANA OPERASI MELAKSANAKAN RESPON DARURAT MEMULIHKAN KEADAAN SECEPATNYA.

MERESPON KEADAAN DARURAT MENYUSUN RENCANA PENANGANAN MENYUSUN RENCANA OPERASI MELAKSANAKAN RESPON DARURAT MEMULIHKAN KEADAAN SECEPATNYA

DI MALAYSIA BELUM ADA UU BENCANA NEGARA TETAPI SUDAH ADA: Pelaksana JAWATAN KUASA KESELAMATAN NEGARA TABUNG BENCANA NEGARA BADAN PENYELAMAT NEGARA NGO – MERCY MALAYSIA UNTUK PERAWATAN PENGOBATAN, COUNSELING DIBAWAH NAUNGAN SULTAN PERAK – DR. JAMILAH

KONSEP DASAR BENCANA KEHIDUPAN MANUSIA SELALU BERDAMPINGAN DGN BENCANA GEJALA ALAM ADALAH GEJALA ANCAMAN YG BELUM TENTU MENIMBULKAN KERUGIAN GEJALA ALAM BARU MENJADI BENCANA KALAU MENIMBULKAN KERUGIAN MASYARAKAT MEMPUNYAI TKT KERENTANAN YG BERBEDA TINGKAT KERENTANAN MENURUN KALAU KEMAMPUAN MASYARAKAT MENINGKAT RESIKO BENCANA ADALAH GABUNGAN ANTARA ANCAMAN, KERENTANAN, DAN KEMAMPUAN.

Hak-hak Korban Hak untuk perlindungan Hak u/ pelayanan kesehatan Hak untuk kerahasiaan pribadi Hak u/ pendampingan psikologis,sosial dll Hak u/ pelayanan rohani Hak u/ bantuan hukum Hak u/ informasi perkembangan perkara, putusan pengadilan, dan hal ex terpidana Hak u/ identitas & kediaman baru Hak atas biaya kehadiran sbg saksi Hak atas kompensasi,restitusi,rehabilitasi

HAK-HAK KORBAN BENCANA : MENDAPATKAN PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL DAN RASA AMAN MENDAPATKAN PENDIDIKAN, PELATIHAN, DAN KETRAMPILAN MENGHADAPI PENANGGULAN BENCANA MENDAPATKAN INFORMASI TENTANG PENANGGULAN BENCANA BERPERAN DALAM PERENCANAAN, PENGOPERASIAN, PEMELIHARAAN PROGRAM PENYEDIAAN BANTUAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN TERMASUK DUKUNGAN PSIKOSOSIAL BERPARTISIPASI DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN THD KEGIATAN PENANGGULAN BENCANA MELAKUKAN PENGAWASAN SESUAI MEKANISME YG DIATUR MENDAPATKAN BANTUAN PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN DASAR MEMPEROLEH GANTI KERUGIAN KARENA KEGAGALAN KONSTRUKSI.

Hak-hak korban di Luar Negeri Medical Expenses Mental health Lost wages for disabled victims Lost support for dependents Funerals Travel for medical treatment Rehabilitation Services for replace work Legal Aid Expenses related to injury Funding : National budget, Insurance.fine,assets offender.

BEBERAPA ASPEK PENANGANAN BENCANA PERLU ADA KEBIJAKAN : UU PENYUSUNAN KEBIJAKAN TENTANG PENANGANAN BENCANA GOVERNANCE : PENGGUNAAN STRATEGI PEMERINTAHAN DAN MANAJEMEN PENANGANAN BENCANA PENATAAN KELEMBAGAAN, ORGANISASI, PENGATURAN TUGAS DAN KEWENANGAN MEKANISME STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ANTAR LEMBAGA PROGRAM KEGIATAN, TINDAKAN TERPROGRAM PENANGANAN BENCANA

DISASTER MANAGEMENT MANAJEMEN BENCANA Perlu ada UU (UU no. 24/2007) yg baku untuk menanggulangi bencana Ada organisasi yg tetap ditingkat Pusat dan Daerah, dg standard operating procedure baku Mengikutsertakan patner baik Dalam&Luar Negeri,TNI,Polisi,LSM,PMI,SAR,RS. Sarana/prasarana, peralatan yg di up grade, psw angkut,heli,kapal, m.boat SDM dan pelatihan yg kontinyu Logistik yg di mantenance secara berkala : tenda, air, makanan, power listrik, alat komunikasi,kantong mayat,obat,tandu,masker,sarung tangan, topi keselamatan, heavy equipment,

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