IDE INTEGRASI EROPA: Jean Monnet dan Robert Schuman

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Transcript presentasi:

IDE INTEGRASI EROPA: Jean Monnet dan Robert Schuman

Jean Monnet

Jean Monnet Lahir di Cognac, Prancis thn 1888 Selama PD I aktif di bidang kerjasama ekonomi antarnegara Sekutu dan berkedudukan di London 1919 – 1923 menjabat sbg Wakil Sekjen Liga Bangsa-Bangsa Bankir di AS, Eropa Barat, dan Cina Pernah menjadi penasehat Presiden AS Roosevelt

Memorandum Jean Monnet Jean Monnet, aristek pembangunan kembali ekonomi Prancis yang pasca Perang Dunia II, mengajukan memorandum kepada Menteri Luar Negeri Prancis Robert Schuman dan wakil Prancis dalam OECE, George Bidault. Dalam memorandum bertanggal 4 Mei 1950, Monnet menyatakan bahwa Prancis tengah menghadapi suatu “jalan buntu,” ketika bahaya perang sudah mengancam. Masalah pokok yang dihadapi Prancis adalah : Pemulihan kekuatan Prancis Perlunya organisasi dalam ruang lingkup Eropa Posisi Prancis di Eropa dan dunia.

Inti Pemikiran Monnet tentang Integrasi Eropa Kebangkitan Jerman, akan sangat membahayakan perdamaian dunia dan terutama bagi Prancis Perang dingin AS-Uni Soviet membuat Eropa Barat terjebak dalam situasi yang rumit. Prancis dan Eropa harus segera mengambil tindakan untuk keluar dari situasi tersebut. Pembangunan ekonomi harus diarahkan pada masalah Jerman, dan adalah penting untuk memasukkan kapasitas produksi dan sumber-sumber ekonomi Jerman ke dalam kerangka Eropa.

Inti Pemikiran Monnet tentang Integrasi Eropa Dalam keadaan menemui jalan buntu di antara ketegangan AS-Uni Soviet, AS akan menerima suatu alternatif untuk jalan keluar jika jalan keluar itu bersifat dinamis dan konstruktif, khususnya jika alternatif itu diajukan oleh Prancis. Dengan pembentukan suatu Eropa yang terintegrasi, kekhawatiran akan bangkitnya dominasi Jerman dalam bidang industri yang menimbulkan rasa takut di Eropa akan segera lenyap. Pembentukan Eropa terintegrasi akan menciptakan kondisi yang sehat bagi industri Jerman, Prancis, dan Eropa yang memungkinkan dilakukannya ekspansi industri, di dalam kompetisi tanpa dominasi.

Inti Pemikiran Monnet tentang Integrasi Eropa Suatu Eropa yang terintegrasi akan mampu menghapuskan praktek dumping dalam ekspor baja. Ini akan memberi peluang yang lebih luas kepada industri baja Prancis untuk melakukan ekspansi di Eropa tanpa ketakutan akan terjadinya praktek dumping tadi dan akan terbentuknya kembali kartel di Jerman sebelum Perang Dunia II.

Inti pemikiran Monnet: Prancis menghadapi beberapa masalah pokok : a. pemulihan kekuatan Prancis b. masalah Jerman c. kemungkinan perang d. perlunya organisasi dalam lingkup Eropa e. posisi Prancis di Eropa dan dunia

Usulan Monnet a. Prancis harus segera mengambil tindakan b. Terbuka kemungkinan bagi Prancis untuk membentuk suatu Eropa yang terintegrasi c. Mengubah cara pandang: Jadikan Jerman sebagai partner, bukan rival d. Eropa yang terintegrasi akan menghapuskan praktek dumping dan kartel

Kutipan Penting Memorandum Monnet Whenever we look in the present world situation we see nothing but deadlock, whether it be the increasing acceptance of a war that is thought to be inevitable, the problem of Germany, the continuation of French recovery, the organization of Europe, the very place of France in Europe and in the world.

Kutipan… The German situation is rapidly becoming a cancer that will be dangerous to peace in the near future, and to France immediately, if its development is not directed towards hope for Germans and collaboration with the free peoples

Kutipan… With the solution proposed there is no more question of domination by German industry, which could create fear in Europe, a source of a constant troubles…. This solution on the contrary creates for industry – German, French, and European – the conditions for joint expansion, in competition but without domination.

Kutipan… Britain, however anxious she may be to collaborate with Europe, will agree to nothing that might result in a loosening of her ties with the Dominions or a commitment to Europe going to beyond those undertaken by America herself.

Kutipan… At the present moment, Europe can be brought to birth only by France. Only France can speak and act…

Kutipan… We must therefore abandon the forms of the past and enter the path of transformation, both by creating common basic economic conditions and by setting up new authorities accepted by the sovereign nations.

Schuman Plan Gagasan Monet itu kemudian diolah oleh Robert Schuman. Menteri Luar Negeri Prancis itu dalam pidatonya tanggal 9 Mei 1950 mengusulkan dibentuknya suatu kerjasama yang didasarkan pada pembangunan ekonomi. Usulan itu berisi himbauan agar produksi besi dan batu bara Prancis dan Jerman disatukan di bawah the High Authority yang berwenang untuk mengawasi kelancaran perdagangan bebas batu bara, besi, dan baja, serta menetapkan harga maksimum dan minimum dan kuota. Organisasi terbuka bagi partisipasi negara-negara Eropa lainnya.

Robert Schuman

Kutipan penting Deklarasi Schuman Europe will not be made all at once or according to a single plan. It will be built through practical achievements which will first create a de facto solidarity

Kutipan penting Deklarasi Schuman The coming together of the nations of Europe requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany. Any action taken must in the first place concern theses two countries

Kutipan penting Deklarasi Schuman It proposes that Franco-Germany production of coal and steel as a whole be placed under a common High Authority, within the framework of an organisation open to participation of the other countries of Europe

Kutipan penting Deklarasi Schuman By pooling basic production and by instituting a new High Authority, whose decisions will bind France, Germany and other member countries, this proposal will lead to the realisation of the first foundation of a European federation indispensable to the preservation of peace

Kutipan penting Deklarasi Schuman In contrast to international cartels, which tend to impose restrictive practices on distribution and exploitation of national markets, and to maintain high profits, the organisation wil ensure the fusion of markets and the expansion of production