PENGENDALIAN HAMA GUDANG

Pengendalian kimiawi (TIKUS) Rodentisida akut langsung membunuh Rodentisida kronis (Anti koagulan) tidak langsung keracunan Dosis tunggal Multi dosis Peletakan tidak terus menerus Pengumpanan pada jalur masuk Fumigasi Kelemahan: Rodentisida akut menyebabkan keengganan makan umpan Perlu waktu sampai umpan beracun dimakan tikus Bahaya bagi manusia dan hewan piaraan Hanya efektif jika diimbangi dengan sanitasi yang baik

PENGENDALIAN SERANGGA HAMA Sanitasi gudang dan komoditi (deteksi) Pendinginan Disinfestasi dengan panas Rotasi stok Impact, pneumatic augers Residual insecticides Fumigasi (metil bromida (CH3Br), Fosfin (PH3)) Karbondioksida

PENDINGINAN PEMBALIKAN TUMPUKAN AERASI PENDINGINAN/CHILLING Rusty grain beetle - 5 oC selama 8 minggu - 10 oC selama 6 minggu - 15 oC selama 4 minggu

Acute mammalian toxicities (LD50 - mg/kg body weight) for contact insecticides currently of use in stored-Brain insect control

Maximum residue limits (MRL) and acceptable daily intake Levels (ADI) (mg/kg or ppm) recommended by FAD/WHO as at April 1992

KEUNGGULAN DAN KELEMAHAN FOSFIN DAN METIL BROMIDA FUMIGASI KEUNGGULAN DAN KELEMAHAN FOSFIN DAN METIL BROMIDA Phosphine Methyl bromide Easy to transport Refillable cylinders are expensive to transport Easy to apply Difficult to apply, requiring special equipment and skill Good penetration and distribution Distribution rather poor Taint, residues and loss of viability in treated seeds are generally negligible Sorption occurs and may cause taint, bromide residues and loss of viability in treated seeds Slow acting, particularly at low temperatures and humidities* Rapidly toxic and widely effective even at lower temperatures Flammable: spontaneously explosive ignition can occur in some circumstances Non-flammable High acute mammalian toxicity but low chronic toxicity Dangerous acute and chronic poison with delayed symptoms Fairly easy to detect Very easy to detect Rapidly lost by leakage unless fumigation space is well sealed and gas tight soon after application Needs very good seeing before application * Not recommended for use at temperatures below 12°C. Source: Adapted from Pest Control for Food Security, FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 63 (Prepared for FAO by ODNRI), FAO, Rome (1985).

Average concentrations of phosphine (mg/l) required to give 100 per cent mortality of all developmental stages of insects under experimental conditions

Pest control techniques: current options

Pest control techniques: current options

Pest control techniques: current options