EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL I Pertemuan XII : Instrument kebijakan perdagangan: Non Tariff Barriers Ferry Prasetyia, SE., MAppEc
Kebijakan perdagangan NTB’s Non-Tariff Barriers (NTB’s) Kuota Impor: pembatasan kuantitas barang yang dimpor. Hambatan Ekspor: Pembatasan kuantitas barang yang akan diekspor Hambatan lain: aturan konten spesifik, pajak perbatasan, klasifikasi administrasi
Efek Kuota impor Price, P Quantity, Q PWPW MD XS’ tqtq Q0Q0 XS World Market PqHPqH QqQq Quota PqWPqW Sumber: Veitch (2005)
Pertumbuhan Permintaan & Kuota Impor Price, P Quantity, Q PWPW MD XS’ Q0Q0 XS World Market P q1 Qq1Qq1 Quota PqWPqW MD’ E0E0 tqtq E1E1 Qq2Qq2 P q2 E2E2 P q3 E3E3 Sumber: Veitch (2005)
NTB’s on Industrial Country Imports (as % of imports) Total NTB’s Quantitative Restrictions Of which VER’s Agricultural Raw Materials Agricultural Food Minerals & Metals Iron & Steel Chemicals Other Manufactures All Products (except fuel) Source: Grilli & Sassoon, The New Protectionist Wave, Sumber: Veitch (2005)
Welfare Effects of U.S. Trade Restrictions QR = Quantitative Restriction Restriction Welfare Gain Industry - Employment Rest of Economy - Employment ($billions) (000 work-yrs) Textile & Apparel Remove QR’s Capture Rents from Foreigners Automobiles Remove QR’s Capture Rents from Foreigners Steel Remove QR’s Capture Rents from Foreigners Source: De Melo & Tarr, Welfare Costs of Quotas on Textile, Steel, & Apparel Sumber: Veitch (2005)