Health Information System Data Resourses Diah Indriani Departemen Biostatistika dan Kependudukan Fakultas Kesehatan Mayarakat Universitas Airlangga

Data and Information Raw DataInformations transformed For decision making process in Health Management System

Information Process 1. Data collection 2. Data transmission 3. Data processing 4. Data analysis 5. Presentation of information for use in planning dan managing the health servise

Information Process Data collection Data transmission Data processing Data analysis Presentation of information for use in planning and managing the health servise Resourses Management Organization rules

Health Information System Resourses Person (eg : planners, managers, statisticians, epidemiologists, data collectors) Hardware (eg : register, telephones, computers) Software (eg : carbon paper, report forms, data processing program) Financial resourses

Organizational Rules The use of diagnostic and treatment procedure Definition of staff responsibilities Supply management procedure Computer maintenance procedure etc

Type of Data Qualitative Quantitative QualitativeQuantitative transformasi

Data Characteristics 1. Ownership and Relevance 2. Validity and Reliability 3. Aggregation of Data 4. Customizing Information to Users’ needs 5. Timeliness of Feedback

Ownership and Relevance Semua user informasi harus mempunyai rasa kepemilikan terhadap data Relevan dengan kebutuhan proses decision making

Validity and Reliability Data quality Reguler check (evaluasi) Tetap menjembatani antara data quality dengan cost

Aggregation of Data Yang sering terjadi, tapi seharusnya tidak boleh terjadi : Data terlalu sedikit untuk menghasilkan informasi yang detail Data over time (data tidak up to date) Data over/less space/district

Process of Aggregation Data

Customizing Information to Users’ Need Setiap level membutuhkan jenis/tingkatan informasi yang berbeda, oleh karena itu SIK harus menyiapkan banyak infomasi sesuai kebutuhan setiap level

Level Information User

Type of Information Needed

Timeliness of Feedback Proses raw data  informasi harus tepat waktu agar proses decision making tidak terhambat Feedback untuk evaluasi informasi menjadi up to date

Data Transmission Vertical data transmission Between levels of health system Horizontal data transmission Between actors and consumers at the same level Feed back

Data Transmission Type I

Data Transmission Type II

Data Transmission Type III

Comparation of Data Transmission Type Speed of data transmission Complexity Data quality Accessibility of information Cost Where in use ?

Type of vertical transmission Along administrative structure By passed administration structure Wide area network Speed of data transmission +++Instan Complexity Data quality Accessibility information Where in use ? Most developing country Some developing country Exceptional in developing country

Health Information System in Developing Countries 1. Database kurang lengkap 2. Compile data hanya per minggu / per bulan 3. Report tanpa feed back 4. Data unhelpful management decision 5. Data are incomplete, inaccurate, absolete, unrelated to priority task, and functions of local health personnel Akhirnya data menjadi kurang berguna

Irrelevance of the Information Gathered Data yang dikumpulkan dan dilaporkan tidak sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan Data yang dikumpulkan hanya akan berguna pada tujuan manajemen secara parsial (misal : berguna pada level dokter, level pasien)

Poor Quality of Data Data dikumpulkan dan dilaporkan tanpa kontrol dari technical skill of the health worker collecting of the data

Duplication and Waste Among Parallel Health Information System Hal ini disebabkan oleh : Tidak ada garis struktural yang jelas pada tiap-tiap level health system Sistem yang tercipta kurang teratur (pemisahan subsistem-subsistem pada fungsi-fungsinya kurang jelas) Kurang koordinasi

Lack of Timely Reporting and Feed Back Data tidak up to date, hal ini disebabkan oleh proses transmitting, compiling, analyzing and presenting terlalu lama Kurangnya penggunaan teknologi informasi (IT)

Poor Use of Information Karena data kurang berkualitas, tidak up to date, obsolete, maka data tersebut tidak mendukung decision making proses  data useless