BEKERJA BERWAWASAN K3 DI INDUSTRI PERHOTELAN Pertemuan 3 Matakuliah : V0152 / Hygiene, Keamanan & Keselamatan Tahun : 2008 BEKERJA BERWAWASAN K3 DI INDUSTRI PERHOTELAN Pertemuan 3

Departemen – Departemen di Hotel Bina Nusantara HS/08/YULIANA

Penyabab kecelakaan : Domino Effect - Heinrich Era Keselamatan Kerja : Era Inspection 1911 Era Unsafe Act 1930 Era Industrial Hygiene 1949 Era Safety Mgt 1950 Era Regulation 1970 Era Accountability 1980 Era Human Factors 1990 Era Safety Mgt Sys. 2000 Penyabab kecelakaan : Domino Effect - Heinrich Bina Nusantara HS/08/YULIANA

How to Work Safe?? CARA KERJA AMAN : Kenali penyebab kecelakaan/Hazards Ketahui & Ikuti : - Standar/persyaratan kerja - Peraturan/legal K3 - Ikuti prosedur kerja Hilangkan/kurangi terjadinya error Hilangkan (energy/sumber penyebab kecelakaan) 5. Hilangkan/kurangi “UNSAFE ACT” ( 80% ) & “UNSAFE CONDITION” 6. Memperbaiki Sistem Manajemen Kerja Operasional Hotel 7. Meningkatkan Kerjasama Bina Nusantara HS/08/YULIANA

HUMAN ERROR RASMUSSEN (1982) “generic psychologycal classification of human error” Skilled-based errors (tahu, mampu, tapi unsafe act karena sudah terpola, ketidaksesuaian keterampilan dengan job design/env – khususnya untuk pekerjaan rutin) Rule – based errors (correct but not the best practice, unprocedural – khususnya untuk baru atau tidak rutin) - Knowledge – based errors (can not analyze/decide because lack of knowledge) Bina Nusantara HS/08/YULIANA

BASIC CAUSE PERSONAL FACTORS JOB FACTORS Inadequate capability Lack of knowledge Lack of skill Stress Improver motivation JOB FACTORS Inadequate supervision Inadequate engineering Inadequate purchasing Inadequate maintenance Inadequate tools work standard Indaquate abuse or misuse Bina Nusantara HS/08/YULIANA

Mampu bertindak dalam keadaan darurat sesuai dengan prosedur. Keadaan darurat mencakup : Bomb threats Mentally unstable customer Accidents Robbery Fire Armed hold-up Physical event eg. Food, earthquake Medical problem Contoh tindakan thdp keadaan darurat : Ask questions eg. Who are you, where is it, when will it go off, what type is it Write down as much as detail as possible Call a supervisor/manager Follow management’s instructions and evacuate Bina Nusantara HS/08/YULIANA

Report the fire – location, size, type Listen for instructions Warn others and leave the area Don’t return until instructed to Medical Inform your Supervisor/Manager If necessary, call for an ambulance If possible obtain as many details as possible from the patient-how it happenend, are they in pain, are they on medication, etc. Accidents Always use appropriate equipment and clothing Use correct storage techniques Don’t use faulty equipment Make sure lighting is eduquate Report machine faults Bina Nusantara HS/08/YULIANA

PENDEKATAN PENCEGAHAN KECELAKAAN/INSIDEN Pendekatan Heinrich – Domino Effect : Minimize / Reduce / Control : Unsafe act Unsafe condition Pendakatan “Human Error” – Rasmussen : Skilled – based errors Rule – based errors Knowledge – based errors Pendekatan “process approach”, Improve Safety Management System : Input control Process control Output control Feedback control Bina Nusantara HS/08/YULIANA

CONTOH PENYEBAB KECELAKAAN Ketergesaan Penggunaan sumber dan alat panas Penggunaan mesin – mesin Ketidaktahuan cara yang banar untuk melakukan sesuatu Dengan sengaja atau tidak sengaja melakukan hal dengan cara yang salah Ceroboh CONTOH JENIS KECELAKAAN Terpotong Terbakar Jatuh Terkilir Keracunan AKIBAT KECELAKAAN Menyakitkan : fisik (sementara/selamanya) / jiwa Menelan biaya : biaya tidak terencana / tak diharapkan Rendahnya moral : kesejahteraan terganggu Merusak reputasi Bina Nusantara HS/08/YULIANA